Examines the developmental and sex role factors of male adolescent African Americans and their importance for counseling interventions and the counselor-client relationship. This article discusses the relationship between tasks of psychosocial development and expressions of masculinity, examines the effects of this relationship on their response…

Summarizes a large-scale, systematic study that described and analyzed instructional practices in about 140 classrooms located in 15 poverty-area elementary schools. Teaching for meaning, or instruction promoting comprehension and conceptual understanding, was compared to more conventional methods. Students exposed to meaning-oriented instruction…

Using racial/ethnic categories as official census data is outdated; this information has become a political reality with little scientific or intellectual validity. Although race has always been a partial marker for poverty, people have been more effectively segregated by wealth. Poverty is the best predictor of school failure. (10 references)…

After independence, adult education in India was burdened with modernization and industrialization, continued to reproduce some elitist tendencies, and was overbalanced toward higher education. In the last 2 decades, radical educators have rededicated themselves to Gandhi's cause of educating the very poor and focusing on real educational needs.…

Presents a conceptual model of violence for social work that addresses the diverse manifestations of violence, its multilevel nature, and its structural foundation. Examples related to poverty and drug abuse demonstrate the model's usefulness for social work education and practice. (JPS)

Describes challenges faced by a women's center when their relatively homogenous, middle class clientele shifted to one of diverse inner-city women. Strategies for meeting these challenges included encouraging staff members to examine their personal values and coping skills, reassessment of services and service delivery, and a commitment to…

Summarizes the revised economic and policy types of the Economic Research Service's rural county classification system. The new typology is based on conditions in more recent years, includes Alaska and Hawaii, redefines persistent poverty, includes more county types, makes economic types nonoverlapping, and classifies counties designated as…

Indian poverty is a result of the enforced social stagnation. Economic development in Indian country is intertwined with an Indian movement toward tribal sovereignty and political power. Economic success is not impeded by traditionalism in tribal culture and government, but it does require fair play by tribes and their leaders, an independent…

Child labor is exceptionally extensive in Pakistan. An interview survey in the Lahore area documented the magnitude, causes, and effects of child labor. Steps for fighting this problem are recommended. (BC)

Presents a personal perspective on the state of public education by the executive director of the American Association of School Administrators. Views the biggest problem as the poverty of one-fourth of all children in schools. (MLF)

Examined the narrative skills in 89 children from impoverished families, half of whom had received a preschool intervention aimed at preparing them for school. Found that the preschool experimental group performed better than the control group on comprehension and paraphrase of stories when assessed in the fall but not in the spring. (HTH)

Discusses consolidation as a method to reduce the costs of rural education. Describes the interrelatedness of the rural economy and rural education. Enumerates advantages and disadvantages of small schools. Suggests that educational reform should focus on the unique circumstances of rural schools. (KS)

Examined relationship between welfare status and perceived financial stress and children's emotional and behavioral problems using data from National Survey of Children. Found that levels of depressive symptoms, impulsive behavior, and antisocial behavior were higher among children who experienced either type of economic stress at least once…

Despite overwhelming obstacles, including teacher shortages and woeful underfinancing, the Nomlinganiselo School in New Crossroads, South Africa, is well managed. The teachers are dedicated; the students are fed, cared for, and eager to learn. The key ingredient is the partnership Principal Makasona has formed with teachers and parents. (MLH)

Discusses New Lanark, the nineteenth-century utopian community organized in Scotland by David Dale and Robert Owen. Underscores the centrality of child care, housing, health care, and ongoing education within the community. Recommends applying New Lanark principles in addressing the great disparities of the 1990s, particularly as they affect young…