In 1995, Teachers College Record published an article by Gloria Ladson-Billings and William Tate entitled "Toward a Critical Race Theory of Education". In this article, the authors proposed that critical race theory (CRT), a framework developed by legal scholars, could be employed to examine the role of race and racism in education. Within a few…

Empathy and attributions of client responsibility for the cause of and solution to a problem were examined for 247 psychologists who were identified as having low, moderate, and high color-blind racial attitudes. Participants responded to 1 of 4 vignettes that controlled for client race (i.e., African American, European American) and client…

The intersection of race, faith, and sexual orientation is a complicated place. This chapter examines students with these multiple identities and uses theory and personal accounts to illustrate the challenges of navigating community on campus.

The recent resignations of three prominent black female superintendents--Arlene Ackerman of San Francisco, Barbara Byrd-Bennett of Cleveland, and Thandiwe Peebles of Minneapolis--have prompted renewed discussion of the roles race and gender play in the superintendency. Current and former such leaders said in interviews that grappling with negative…

This reaction addresses the Major Contribution related to multicultural research in counseling psychology. Although the three articles composing the Major Contribution have different foci and may be viewed independently, an implicit proposal inherent within each is the call to move beyond complacency to commitment, a phrase devised by Carter,…

Among biomedical scientists, there is a great deal of controversy over the nature of race, the relevance of racial categories for research, and the proper methods of using racial variables. This article argues that researchers and scholars should avoid a binary-type argument, in which the question is whether to use race always or never.…

Increasingly, the psychological literature has begun to address both feminist and multicultural concerns, although these fields have rarely incorporated each others' diverse and vibrant ideas. This article explores the connections between feminist and multicultural psychology, and encourages the profession to more fully embrace and affirm both…

This paper first defines race and related dehumanizing experiences and then explores the history of the study of Blacks in ethnography and in psychoanalysis before addressing the primary focus: psychoanalytical ethnography. Psychoanalytical ethnography is valuable for transforming racially wounded communities into vibrant open communities through…

The author discusses some of the ways in which certain elements of conservative modernization have had an impact on education at multiple levels. He points to the growth of commodifying logics and the audit culture that accompanies them. In the process, he highlights a number of dangers currently being faced. However, he urges us not to assume…

This article is written against the backdrop of deepening xenophobia and ethnic absolutism (forms of "racial cruelty") that have come to dominate human relations between individuals and groups worldwide in the new millennium. Cameron McCarthy argues that these tendencies towards ethnic absolutism and ethnic essentialism have their counterparts in…

Increasing numbers of students taking the SAT have declined to identify their race/ethnicity. I examined the impact of non-respondents on the validity of reported racial/ethnic differences and year-to-year changes in test performance. Using an analysis reported by Wainer (1988) and SAT data from 1996 to 2003, I confirmed Wainer's findings that…

Geographers have, in recent years, attempted to re-fashion a critical race pedagogy. Accordingly, propositions have been forwarded that geographers use readings that validate the experiences of diverse groups. In so doing we may provide students with a critical understanding of racism and other forms of discrimination as societal phenomena. This…

After reviewing issues of "The Speech Teacher" and "Communication Education" from inception through 2003, the authors note the absence of any prolonged, systematic investigation of the influence of race or the interplay of multiple cultural identities in academic settings. This introductory essay articulates the importance of acknowledging the…

Environmental degradation is a serious problem for millions of people who are unjustly exposed to environmental conditions that threaten their everyday survival. A growing body of research shows race and class as significant predictors to exposure to environmental hazards and associated health problems. Presented are perceptions of environmental…

The scrutiny of racism as a cultural practice is well established in scholarship and in American public discourse. The underlying problem of race itself is also a common topic in academic writings and is a matter of ever-increasing consensus in anthropology and biology. But the significance of race as an inherently flawed interpretation of human…