This study used data from the first and last waves of the 1996 U.S. Census Bureau's Survey of Income and Program Participation to compare the characteristics and wellbeing of low-income, single parent families before and after passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), noting the characteristics and…

According to the authors, the real conditions of poverty and homelessness in America remain obscure. The homeless, contrary to popular belief, are not homeless by choice. 25% of the homeless are employed full-time in low-wage jobs, 25% are war veterans of one kind or another, and 25% are emotionally disturbed. According to the Rand Corporation,…

Managing migration has become a priority for policy makers both in developed and developing countries. Large immigration or emigration flows relative to domestic population's impact on almost all aspects of an economy and society: family structures, community life, educational and health systems, labour markets, security systems, governance and…

This report extends the funding gap analysis for K-12 districts that was published by The Education Trust in August 2002. This study provides information on the national ranking of all Illinois' school districts based on poverty quartile and state and local funding. It also examines funding adequacy, in addition to funding equity. (Contains 4…

The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) serves more than 29 million children each day, but there is little information on the characteristics of those children. This study reports new estimates of NSLP participant characteristics using two national surveys: the 2001 Panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) and the 1999-2002…

In 2004, the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) served an average of 29 million lunches daily, at a Federal cost of $7.6 billion. Schools are reimbursed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) according to the number of each type of meal served. FNS administrative data do not include information on the…

This manual provides basic information to help organize a "Hunger Cleanup." Written for the 1996 campaign, the publication contains an overall organizing plan, descriptions and responsibilities of different committees, a sample time line, general advice from previous "Hunger Cleanup" organizers, and appendices which can be reproduced or used as a…

The thoughts of 25 highly experienced and exemplary urban teachers from low-income schools about teaching were studied. A survey method was used to examine how they maintained their enthusiasm and excellence in teaching, the effects of the low-income school and community on their instruction, and the skills and attitudes they recommended for new…

Although 1997 saw many states enact tax cuts affecting families, 1997 cannot be characterized as a significant year for state tax relief for "poor" families. However, some states did make changes that will help the poor. These changes include: enactment of earned income tax credits (EITC) in two states (Massachusetts and Oregon), income…

This report on the well-being of the world's children focuses on the issue of malnutrition and its impact on children's lives. Chapter 1: (1) discusses the incidence of malnutrition and the complex interplay of factors that cause malnutrition, including poor health services and discrimination against women; (2) presents several approaches to…

This report summarizes past and current research on female gangs, noting programmatic and research needs. Seven sections include: "Early Reports: A History of Stereotypes"; "Number of Female Gang Members"; "Being in a Gang: The Background" (economic and ethnic forces, family pressure, and sex stereotyping and…

This paper uses data from a randomized housing-mobility experiment to study the effects on juvenile crime of relocating families from high- to low-poverty neighborhoods. Since 1994, the Department of Housing and Urban Development's Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment has assigned families from high-poverty Baltimore neighborhoods into three…

This report describes a survey of homeless families from shelters in Kentucky, Tennessee, and the Carolinas. The typical family included a 32-year-old single woman with two young children who was more likely to be African American, had a high school education, and had a 50-50 chance of being employed. Most children attended preschool, most were…

This report, fourth in a series, recounts the most recent data on indicators of the social and economic vitality of U.S. cities and positions the Administration's urban policy agenda to address challenges confronting cities. This year the report identifies four megaforces that are shaping the future of U.S. cities and presents findings showing…

The Census Bureau estimates that more than two million children were missed in the 1990 Census, accounting for more than half the total net undercounted population. This undercount has financial implications because Census data are used to distribute public funds. This paper provides detailed statistics related to the children missed in the 1990…