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MacWhinney, Brian – Language Testing, 1995
Reviews factors influencing reversals of expectations for language-learning outcomes. This article touches on psychological and neurological data regarding individual differences in language-learning mechanisms and focuses on cross-linguistic psycholinguistic analysis that indicates that different target languages offer a wide variety of learning…
Descriptors: Cognitive Mapping, Data Analysis, Individual Differences, Language Aptitude

Ellis, Rod – TESOL Quarterly, 1995
The traditional approach to grammar teaching provides learners with opportunities to produce specific grammatical structures. This article explores an alternative approach, one based on interpreting input. The rationale for the approach is discussed, as are the principles for designing interpretation tasks for grammar teaching. (Contains 35…
Descriptors: Class Activities, Competency Based Education, Grammar, Interpretive Skills

Surian, Luca – Journal of Child Language, 1995
Investigated the relationship between children's failures to produce unambiguous utterances and the mental effort demands in children (ages five, six, seven, and nine years), using finger-tapping and message production tasks, separately and simultaneously. Findings suggest that the relative effort requirements of communication decrease with…
Descriptors: Ambiguity, Child Language, Cognitive Development, Communication Skills

Geva, Esther; And Others – Journal of Reading Behavior, 1993
Tests the hypothesis that differences between first-language (L1) and second-language (L2) reading and spelling profiles could be accounted for by lack of proficiency in the L2 or differences in orthographic complexity. Finds that neither of these explanations alone sufficed to explain the development of reading and spelling in the two languages…
Descriptors: Beginning Reading, Bilingual Education, Bilingual Students, Decoding (Reading)

MacGillivray, Laurie – Journal of Reading Behavior, 1994
Examines first graders' tacit shared understandings about composing as related to expectations about the processes and meaning of writing. Finds evidence of three cultural themes: (1) the processes of creating and sharing text-mediated relationships with others; (2) writing was used to explore "self" and the world; and (3) collaborative composing…
Descriptors: Audience Analysis, Grade 1, Language Processing, Peer Influence

Galloway, Edward A.; Michalek, Gabrielle V. – Public-Access Computer Systems Review, 1995
Discusses the conversion project of the congressional papers of Senator John Heinz into digital format and the provision of electronic access to these papers by Carnegie Mellon University. Topics include collection background, project team structure, document processing, scanning, use of optical character recognition software, verification…
Descriptors: Access to Information, Archives, Character Recognition, Computer Interfaces

Sparks, Richard L.; Ganschow, Leonore – Modern Language Journal, 1993
A discussion of the Linguistic Coding Deficit Hypothesis presents an overview of the theory; describes five prototypes of second-language learners, each illustrated by a distinct language processing profile; and examines how the ability to identify prototypes can help teachers interpret student difficulties and design instruction to address them.…
Descriptors: Case Studies, Classification, Cognitive Style, Comparative Analysis

Muljani, D.; Koda, Keiko; Moates, Danny R. – Applied Psycholinguistics, 1998
A study investigated differences in English word recognition in native speakers of Indonesian (an alphabetic language) and Chinese (a logographic languages) learning English as a Second Language. Results largely confirmed the hypothesis that an alphabetic first language would predict better word recognition in speakers of an alphabetic language,…
Descriptors: Applied Linguistics, Chinese, Contrastive Linguistics, English

Yi'an, Wu – Language Testing, 1998
Investigated the test-taking processes of English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) testees taking a multiple choice listening-comprehension test, evaluating the effectiveness of immediate retrospection for accessing such processes. Linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge was activated in a parallel manner for all subjects with input of various…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, College Students, English (Second Language), Evaluation Methods

Birch, Barbara – TESOL Journal, 1998
Describes how to use a language-processing model to develop holistic reading strategies for college-level English-as-a-Second-Language students. The paper explains how to use an English reading processor, develop a supplementary reading program, access students' background knowledge, and find methods that work, noting that this model will nurture…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Higher Education, Holistic Approach, Knowledge Level
Ano, Kouichi – Journal of Japan-Korea Association of Applied Linguistics, 1998
Reports a study of Japanese students learning English in Japan. Supports the notion that the necessity to communicate forces learners to notice linguistic problems, and that noticing a problem can push learners to modify their original input. Through this cognitive process, learners acquire second languages, especially the ability to produce oral…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis, English (Second Language), Foreign Countries

Rodekohr, Rachel K.; Haynes, William O. – Journal of Communication Disorders, 2001
A study divided 40 children (age 7) into groups consisting of white normal language and language impaired and African American normal language and language impaired. African American English speakers with normal language scored significantly lower on the Test of Language Development-2P compared to white normal-language subjects, but did not differ…
Descriptors: Black Dialects, Blacks, Cognitive Processes, Cultural Differences

Hood, Philip – Language Learning Journal, 1996
Evaluates strategies undertaken to improve students' foreign language reading competence. The article focuses on the ability of pupils to cope with reading texts containing unknown vocabulary, students' motivation to overcome difficulties in comprehension, the best methods to attain a permanent vocabulary gain from reading, and the transfer of…
Descriptors: Class Activities, Foreign Countries, French, Language Processing

Perera, Natsuko Shibata – Bilingual Research Journal, 2001
A study investigated how young learners of English as a second language become both linguistically creative and capable of socializing in English through the use of prefabricated language (PL) (memorized chunks of sentences). Observations of four Japanese preschool children in two-way immersion programs suggested that PL acts as a scaffold for…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, English (Second Language), Imitation, Immersion Programs
Carroll, Julia M.; Snowling, Margaret J. – Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2004
Background: Dyslexia is now generally acknowledged to involve difficulties in phonological processing. However, the links between reading difficulties and speech difficulties remain unclear. Method: In the present study, 17 children with speech difficulties between the ages of four and six were compared to children with a family history of…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Dyslexia, Phonological Awareness, Genetics