Elusive developmental processes are most often examined in the context of the philosophic problem of scientific determinism. The Markov process model, enhancing a probabilistic viewpoint for the explanation of developmental data, should be restricted. Attention should be focused on the immediate context and situational setting of a subject. The…

The purpose of this article is to deal with the following issues as they relate to educational grading policy: (1) to examine the use and misuse of grades in education; (2) to explore the use of performance based grading versus traditional grading and compare institutions using traditional grading versus those using performance based or…

The informal, descriptive portraits of 11 career education programs are based on visits from November to February 1974-75, and reports by program staff, teachers, students, parents, and business and community organizations involved with the programs. Individual characteristics of the programs are described as well as general information regarding…

The Akron-Summit county Public Schools Job Placement Department utilizes four basic components: data, pre-employment preparation, preparation, placement, and follow-up. The model functions on the basis of broadly drawn and centrally coordinated employment regions or service areas and hence avoids problems which individual school districts…

The guide for an inservice course in career education is presented in 14 units designed to be used together as a complete course or selectively as learning modules for developing new skills or reviewing previously learned concepts. The course covers: definitions and concepts, historical antecedents and rationale, career development theories,…

The creative management of change in a time of economic contraction requires planning reforms. Organizing for effective planning requires a total conceptual framework beginning with a stated mission and ending with a systematic approach to operations. Goals should be based on a market analysis of community educational needs and its translation…

Because discrepancies between individual needs and institutional roles are so often neglected in planning educational change, attention to this dimension may prove worthwhile. Evaluators who have omitted the evaluation of the effects of educational innovation on the total system--not just the students--may find it productive to assume this…

For a developing nation such as Zambia, quality education, utilization of manpower, and proper training are priority problems. Therefore a study was conducted to establish and document the need for a well-planned, staffed and executed learning resource center to solve some of that country's learning problems. Basic facts about the country of…

At a time when planning becomes more and more essential for American colleges and universities, precise and accurate information about them becomes critical. This document reports on some sophisticated statistical measurements of certain aspects of the supply and demand for students, places for them to attend college, and faculty members to teach…

Both students and faculty in social work education find field instruction to be both rewarding and puzzling. Unquestionably, much of the genius of social work education has been an intermingling of conceptual and experiential learning. These eleven papers cover experiences in a variety of graduate and undergraduate social work field settings. It…

The elements of planning, producing, and evaluating high school student media production are described. Thirteen different media formats, audiotape, posters, displays, transparencies, mobiles, models, games, slide/cassettes, motion pictures, multiimage, videotapes, kits, and miscellaneous, are discussed. For each medium, there is a statement of…

The multiple-choice science exercises used by the National Assessment of Educational Progress include an "I Don't Know" (IDK) alternative to estimate more accurately knowledge of groups of respondents. Group percentages of IDK responses were examined and compared with correct responses to see if the IDK introduces bias. Variance common…

Since South Carolina's Title V Community and Resource Development (CRD) project is limited to one small rural county (Williamsburg) affording careful documentation, this paper explicates South Carolina's CRD process via a social action model. This project, then, is described in terms of the following model components: (1) community initiative…

Illustrating components of multi-county organization and emphasizing the rewards of area organization when carefully used as a tool to close the gaps between local, state, and Federal governments, this monograph presents the following five chapters: (1) "Key Factors in Area or Regional Boundry Delineation" (natural physical, biological, and human…

The document offers recommendations for a planned approach to the development and appraisal of a career-oriented marketing cluster program. The suggested appraisal instrument may be used for self-evaluation or group evaluation. Information on career education in Oregon, the career cluster concept, and the model marketing program concept precedes…