The problem of determining the most energy-efficient strategy to use in approaching a traffic light that is sighted at an unknown phase in its cycle is discussed. Included are calculations, results, and conclusions. (KR)

Described are some ways in which individual states code driver's license numbers. The encoding of month, date of birth, year of birth, sex, and others involving elementary mathematics and the use of an elaborate system of hashing functions in describing the first, middle, and last names are discussed. (KR)

Presented is a combinatorial problem based on the Hash House Harriers rule which states that the route of the run should not have previously been traversed by the club. Discovered is how many weeks the club can meet before the rule has to be broken. (KR)

The paper questions the current mechanistic view in which literacy and numeracy skills are sharply separated, and notes the pervasiveness of mathematical ideas and representations in verbal texts. It suggests that literacy be reconstructed to include a variety of competencies which encompass numeracy. Implications for curriculum change are drawn.…

Classrooms that used different instructional approaches to mathematics were observed, contrasting instruction that aimed to promote conceptual understanding rather than algorithmic skill with more conventional instruction. Results with 6 second-grade classrooms (135 students) suggest that relationships between teaching and learning are a function…

The ability of children to solve measurement problems was studied in 2 experiments with 190 children aged 6 through 10 years in Oxford (England). Results suggest that in designing instruction both conceptual difficulties and difficulties that relate to particular measurement practice must be studied. The role of culturally transmitted measurement…

Ways in which the standards of problem solving, communication, reasoning, and connections can be incorporated into the elementary geometry curriculum are identified. Visualization of figures, conservation of area, shape and space, and multicultural study are discussed. (KR)

An activity in which students use manipulative materials to help solve simple algebraic equations using the operations of adding inverses, removing opposites, and sharing equally is presented. Directions, examples, the rationale, and cautions are included. (KR)

Discussed are solutions to the problem "What is the expected number of rolls for the total first to exceed 6?" Several algebraic solutions are presented. A computer program which may be used to simulate this problem is included. (CW)

Discussed are several common aspects of teaching functions and statistics including graphing relations, exploring relations, transforming relations, and modeling situations. Examples of each are provided. (CW)

This article explains how this method is done, examines some reasons for including it as a topic in mathematics curricula, and uses modular arithmetic to explore its mathematical basis and its generalizability to computations in bases other than 10. (CW)

In planning for mathematical assessment, there are several theoretical and practical problems of which the mathematics teacher must be aware. These are discussed under the subheadings of scope; assessment of concepts and higher-order thinking skills; and alignment. Assessors should consider pedagogical approaches when planning assessments. (SLD)

Recounts teaching mathematics to junior high school students in France in the context of seventeenth-century mathematics history. Examines extracts of original works by Leibniz on the origin of calculus and of Huygens on continued fractions. Investigates historical puzzles and a variety of mathematical problems arising out of the texts. (MDH)

Discusses the use of computers to teach proofs. Presents some possibilities of computer use in teaching proofs. (ASK)

Emphasizes the importance of proofs and offers examples and ideas that might help educators develop students' mathematical reasoning skills. (ASK)