TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES FOR SUBTRACTION AND/OR TIME OF SYMBOLIZATION UPON (1) ACHIEVEMENT IN ARITHMETIC, (2) ATTAINMENT OF NUMBER CONCEPTS, (3) ATTITUDES TOWARD ARITHMETIC IN GRADES ONE AND TWO, THIS REPORT ASSESSES FOUR EXPERIMENTAL CLASSES, THERE WERE TWO FIRST GRADE CLASSES OF 20 PUPILS EACH AND TWO SECOND GRADE…

THE COURSE IS GEARED TO MEET THE NEEDS OF STUDENTS ENTERING SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL WITH A MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL BELOW SIXTH GRADE. SINCE TWO PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF SERIOUS DEFICIENCIES IN ARITHMETIC ARE A LACK OF UNDERSTANDING OF THE DECIMAL SYSTEM OF NOTATION AND A LACK OF KNOWLEDGE OF THE BASIC FUNDAMENTALS OF ARITHMETIC, BASIC CONCEPTS MUST BE…

THE THEME OF THIS PROGRAM WAS THE USE OF PROBABILISTIC MODELS AS MEASUREMENT TOOLS FOR EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IN TEST CONSTRUCTION AND FOR ANALYSIS OF TEST DATA. SOME CENTRAL ISSUES IN THIS FIELD ARE DISCUSSED AND RESOLVED IN THE FIRST FOUR CHAPTERS OF THE REPORT UNDER THE FOLLOWING TITLES--(1) CONTRIBUTIONS TO ITEM SELECTION, (2) CLUSTERING…

AN EXPERIMENT WAS REPORTED WHICH DEMONSTRATES THAT GRAPHICS ARE MORE EFFECTIVE THAN SYMBOLS IN ACQUIRING ALGEBRA CONCEPTS. THE SECOND PHASE OF THE STUDY DEMONSTRATED THAT GRAPHICS IN HIGH SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS WERE RELIABLY CLASSIFIED IN A MATRIX OF 480 FUNCTIONAL STIMULUS-RESPONSE CATEGORIES. SUGGESTIONS WERE MADE FOR EXTENDING THE CLASSIFICATION…

Examining the effects of sociodramatic play and sex differences on mathematical learning and adult-observed playfulness in young children, several preliminary analyses were run of pre-test scores. Tests used were the Kindergarten Keys Mathematics Test and the Lieberman Playfulness Scale. The results of three 2(treatment) x 2(sex) analyses of…

This is one of a series of reports summarizing the results of the second mathematics assessment conducted by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Nine, 13- and 17-year-olds were assessed during the 1977-78 school year. The assessment measured achievement in various content areas at four levels of cognitive processes (knowledge,…

This study was designed to determine if it was feasible and appropriate to place the concept of integers as directed distances in the curricula for students in grades 3-5. Also investigated was whether the level of understanding of left-right conceptualization affected the understanding of the concept of integers and if sex classification affected…

This paper was presented at the 1979 meeting of the American Educational Research Association (AERA) in San Francisco. It describes specific examples of calculator-aided mathematics learning activities for children in grades 2-6. These examples illustrate a variety of topics and types of learning which can be enhanced by a range of capabilities of…

This paper, presented at the 1979 meeting of the American Educational Research Association (AERA) in San Francisco, discusses the effects of calculator availability on the elementary school mathematics curriculum. The rationale for a shift from a computationally based curriculum to a conceptually oriented curriculum utilizing the calculator as an…

The basic scope of this study is to investigate the learning of mathematical concepts by primary grade students whose native language is other than English (Spanish). The efforts of the investigators in the study and the analysis of students' behaviors are to be concentrated in the areas of addition and subtraction operations, concept of number,…

Junior high school students (N=104) were given instruction using programed booklets on modular addition. Twelve conditions of verbal mediation were randomly assigned to students. Conditions were defined by presence or absence of introductory discussion (2 levels), number of worked examples (2 levels), and type of rule (3 levels: specific, general,…

This document is a list of approximately 450 mathematical concepts which are taught in grades K-8. The list is organized into eight major topics: (1) number systems, (2) numeration and notation, (3) sets, (4) geometry, (5) measurement, (6) number patterns and relationships, (7) other topics, and (8) summaries. The Content Authority List is used in…

Reading difficulties in mathematics may stem more from the abstract and highly symbolic nature of the subject than from inability to recognize or comprehend the words. A review of Piaget's model of cognitive development suggests that many seemingly simple mathematical terms assume cognitive processes which may not be available to many secondary…

Presenting eight sample environmental education sensory lessons designed for K-3 students in rural areas, this guide briefly details the rationale and means for developing proximity congruence between students and life space phenomena. Field trips, nature walks, site studies, and other outdoor activities are briefly discussed. The format of each…

The purpose of this study was the determination of the effects of fluid and crystallized intelligence and related individualized treatments on achievement of mathematical concepts. One hundred eighty sixth-grade students from three schools participated in the study. All students were given a measure of crystallized intelligence (the S.R.A. Primary…