This article traces the history of zero and its dual role as a placeholder, albeit of empty space, and as a number for computational purposes. The use of one symbol for both situations is shown to be tied to the adoption, and subsequent promulgation, of our modern numbering system. (JJK)

Presents the origin and mathematics of Hubble's Law of the expanding universe. Discusses limitations to this law and the related concepts of standard candles, elliptical galaxies, and streaming motions, which are conspicuous deviations from the law. The third of three models proposed as explanations for streaming motions is designated: The Great…

Introduces the concept of maximum and minimum function values as turning points on the function's graphic representation and presents a method for finding these values without using calculus. The process of utilizing transformations to find the turning point of a quadratic function is extended to find the turning points of cubic functions. (MDH)

Citing examples from the author's third grade mathematics classroom, describes problems stemming from the use of concrete objects (e.g., fraction bars, base-10 blocks, and popsicle sticks). The vignettes show the fallacy of assuming that students will automatically draw the conclusions that their teachers want simply by interacting with particular…

Presented is an activity in which probability and percents are taught using a basketball computer simulation. Computer programs that replicate the free-throw accuracy of college and professional stars and allow students to compete with those stars are included. (KR)

Presented is a series of eight hands-on exercises using Apple II computer graphics to investigate the following characteristics of periodic functions: period, amplitude, horizontal shift, and vertical shift. Detailed teacher instructions and the accompanying computer program are included. (MDH)

Described are three activities designed to increase student participation in the classroom. The first uses earthquake reporting to study logarithms. The second discusses student-generated examples to introduce probability. In the third, prepared handouts and study groups are used to promote student interaction and involvement in calculus classes.…

Among 1,453 male and 1,133 female academically talented 7- to 11-year-old students, boys performed better overall than girls on mathematical reasoning. Gender differences appeared as early as second grade, varying according to mathematics subskills. Male performance was better on tasks requiring application of algebraic rules and understanding of…

A guide for teachers and librarians covering over 50 Spanish-language books that introduce children to various animals; the world around them; colors, shapes, and numbers; the universe; basic science concepts; and the process of conception, pregnancy, and birth. (MDH)

Describes how to place mathematical equations modeling population growth into a spreadsheet that performs calculations quickly and easily. Suggests experiments that can be performed with the spreadsheets. (WRM)

First-grade children at risk for a learning disability (LD) in mathematics, reading, or both were compared to a control group on experimental tasks assessing number comprehension and production skills, counting knowledge, arithmetic skills, working memory, and ease of retrieving information from long-term memory. Found different patterns of intact…

Explores the difficulties students have in understanding the relationship between surface area and volume. Examines four cases where the ratio of surface area to volume varies, and makes recommendations for demonstrating each with models. (Contains 15 references.) (WRM)

Interviews with five Shoshoni elders during a 1-year study showed that mathematics was integral to daily life and reflective of their culture. Classroom activities are described that integrate traditional Shoshoni mathematical knowledge into mathematics instruction. This knowledge may help Shoshoni students develop a deeper understanding of…

In this article we describe a mathematical microworld for investigating car motion on a racing course and its use with a group of grade 12 students. The microworld is concerned with the mathematical construction of courses and functions which describe car motion. It is implemented in the computer algebra system, Maple[R], which provides the means…

This article describes the integration of transformational geometry, mathematics, history, art, and cultural studies in a middle-grades mathematics classroom. Its intent is to illustrate how providing students with real-world experiences allows them to see and model mathematics as an integrated whole and make both thoughtful connections between…