This article explores the work of conductors to develop an understanding of verbal feedback in the context of professional-level big band orchestras. A big band conductor must have strong musical and social skills to guide a big band to the performance level. This qualitative study is based on Vygotsky's theory of learning as a social process. The…

Do children with better reading competence read more, or do avid readers increase their reading competence? This highly relevant question has been discussed for many years, yet conclusive results are rare. Previous studies suffer from small sample sizes or omitted variable bias, rendering their findings questionable. We provide new insight using…

This study provides an overview of the level of students' cognitive load in learning English in vocational schools. A quantitative descriptive study uses a cross-sectional survey conducted to measure the level of cognitive load of students in learning English in vocational schools. The subjects are 69 respondents who are students from one of the…

Video games have become a mainstream form of entertainment that are played regularly by many around the world, including a large number of youth with disabilities (YwD). Video games' popular presence in our society has created exciting new opportunities for student learning that educators who work with YwD can leverage for both skill acquisition…

People use different communication patterns based on the context and who they are addressing. These differences, known as linguistic register, are common across human speech and recognized early in development. Here, we examine 4-11-year-old American children's (N = 227) ability to use linguistic registers to determine a speaker's addressee as…

Social understanding competence develops in sensitive and co-regulating caregiver interactions. Parental reflective functioning (PRF) and parenting stress can affect children's social understanding. This study investigated if children's social understanding was associated with PRF and parenting stress. Parents of 305 Italian children aged from 24…

The study examines the effectiveness of microlearning in developing the capacity to address climate change and adapt to environmental challenges. Conducted as an online field experiment with 140 participants, the study focused on the impacts of smartphone use as an illustrative learning domain for education in climate change-related areas. Using a…

Purpose: Parents of autistic children are often advised to use only one language to simplify their child's language acquisition. Often this recommendation orients towards the geographically predominant language, which may cause difficulties especially for minority-language families. On the other hand, scientific evidence suggests that…

The purpose of this study was to conduct a content validity analysis of the Teacher Impression Scale (TIS), which is an observer rating scale designed to assess preschool children peer social competence. The TIS was originally developed in the 1980s and used in research in the 1990s-2010s. The was the first step in an instrument development…

Active communication is an important element of second language (L2) learning, as it contributes to the acquisition of language competence. The prerequisite of L2 use is having the willingness to communicate (WTC). However, previous research tended to conflate WTC and communication behaviour and provided little evidence that WTC and/or…

This study aimed to investigate the trajectories of students' self-regulated learning in an online course and the predictive role of students' satisfaction with basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) on these trajectories. Additionally, the potential variation in the relationship between basic psychological needs and…

The increasing screen time and digital distractions in modern education have underscored the need for innovative approaches to early childhood learning that reconnect children with the natural world. This study investigates the integration of cooperative learning methods in nature within the "Mathematics and Environmental Exploration"…

Background/Context: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted family life in myriad ways, including increasing family stress and reducing access to early care and education experiences. Such factors suggest that children's early learning and development may have been negatively impacted, which would have long-term implications for necessary school support.…

Mastery learning -- requiring students to achieve proficiency in a topic before advancing -- is a well-established and effective teaching method. Digital learning systems support this approach by personalizing content sequences, enabling students to focus on practicing topics they have not yet mastered. To achieve this, digital learning systems…

Now more than ever before, language learners can autonomously engage with the target culture beyond the classroom through international television shows, online forums, video clips, and study abroad. Still, much of the literature has deemed the target-language dominant speaker (TLDS) as a key source of cultural knowledge, and, thus, the principal…