Arguing that researchers in the last decade have helped to illuminate a direction for effective vocabulary development for students, this monograph reviews the recent research on vocabulary knowledge. After a discussion of the importance of vocabulary knowledge, the monograph examines the various factors in vocabulary acquisition identified by…

"Understanding Adult Intelligence" (Robert Sternberg) focuses on the nature of intelligence. It explains Sternberg's triarchic theory, in which he posits three main aspects of intelligence: its relation to the internal or mental world of the learner, its relation to experience, and its relation to the surrounding world. "Strategies and Learning"…

The effects of overt, covert, and summary practice conditions on four levels of learning were examined. One hundred twenty-two middle class sixth-grade students were randomly assigned to practice condition. Passages about energy sources were read by the students and oral reviews were directed according to treatment. The summary group was given a…

Focusing on the sequence of cognitive processes of spellers of varying ability, a study evaluated the effectiveness a teaching package that adapts Robert Dilt's spelling strategy to the college classroom. Subjects, 25 students from an introductory level psychology class, were divided into three groups, each of which participated in two one-hour…

This 126-item test, the Learning Style Profile, was designed to assess 23 scales involving learners' cognitive skills, as well as emotional and environmental study preferences such as noise and temperature. It contains both verbal and pictorial items. The test was designed for sixth- through twelfth-grade students and has a readability level…

The Computer-Assisted Study Skills Improvement Program (CASSIP) uses interactive instruction with a computer in these areas: managing time, improving memory, taking lecture notes, reading textbooks, taking examinations, writing themes and reports, making oral reports, improving scholastic motivation, improving interpersonal relations, and…

Educational institutions need to recognize and accommodate the individual needs of learners from culturally diverse backgrounds, of whom a large number are Blacks and Hispanics. To accommodate the educational needs of these learners, educators need to build on their entry-level strengths, which have been identified as: (1) orientation toward…

The use of thought modeling as an effective technique for teaching academic learning skills is examined. Based on decision theory, it is proposed that learning is improved when the student makes active decisions about learning actions or skills. Control over learning is dependent upon the quality of decisions about matching learning resources and…

This document presents hypotheses about how much understanding a user needs to perform skillfully using a computer or a computer program. A framework for characterizing user understanding is presented which includes three criteria for evaluating the representation generated during problem solving: (1) internal coherence--whether the components of…

Information drawn from research conducted in a comparative study between middle and high school students is presented. The study was designed to investigate the difference in the analysis of absolute and relativistic generalizations. Data from this research indicate that differences do exist between middle and high school students in this area of…

Educators are beginning to call attention to the failure to integrate right-brain, intuitive, holistic, visual processes into the curriculum. Approaches to right-brain education have characteristically called for the use of slow music, visual imagery, and relaxation techniques. Suggested principles for teaching basic skills include the facts that…

Recognizing that rote drill and practice (rehearsal) has been replaced with game-like teaching formats as a tool for memorization, a study compared the effectiveness of the two methods to teach eight preschoolers to recite their home telephone numbers. In six sessions, children either rehearsed their phone numbers or used small props and rhyming…

The main focus of contemporary research in writing is on developing ideas and on the processes of planning and revision that make this possible. In the first half of this paper, the distinctive strategies used by experts and novices are elaborated. For example, novice writers depend upon having knowledge already assembled in forms ready for…

This manual provides descriptions of five cooperative learning methods: (1) Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD); (2) Teams-Games-Tournaments (TGT); (3) Jigsaw; (4) Team Accelerated Instruction (TAI); and (5) Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC). For each of these methods, an overview offers a description of the procedures…

The skills of knowing how to learn and apply information, which have been collectively grouped under the heading "learning management," are becoming increasingly important as society progresses farther into the information age. Because adult learning is usually more self-directed and because adults are largely free to determine their…