This report presents an analysis of childcare providers' finances based on a survey carried out in 2023, during the period leading up to significant reforms in the funding of childcare in England. In the 2023 Spring Budget, the government announced that, from April 2024, government-funded childcare would be expanded to younger children, and that, from September 2025, all pre-school children from eligible working households from the age of 9 months would be entitled to 30 hours of government-funded childcare. As a result, it is critical to understand the financial health of childcare providers in the face of an anticipated increase in demand for childcare, and to understand the costs -- to the government and to childcare providers -- associated with providing childcare. This report presents an analysis of the cost of childcare and the finances of providers based on responses to the 2023 Survey of Childcare and Early Years Providers (SCEYP).