This report presents the Blackboard Instructional Planner, a dynamic instructional planner designed and implemented in the BB1 Blackboard Architecture to teach troubleshooting a complex physical device by first imparting a mental model of the device and its operation. Control in intelligent tutoring systems is defined as selection of pedagogical…

This description of the Structure-Mapping Engine (SME), a flexible, cognitive simulation program for studying analogical processing which is based on Gentner's Structure-Mapping theory of analogy, points out that the SME provides a "tool kit" for constructing matching algorithms consistent with this theory. This report provides: (1) a…

This technical report describes a generic architecture for building intelligent tutoring systems which is developed around objects that represent the knowledge elements to be taught by the tutor. Each of these knowledge elements, called "bites," inherits both a knowledge organization describing the kind of knowledge represented and…

Two kinds of WISC-R short forms, item reduction and subtest reduction, are reviewed in terms of their ability to meet these criteria of adequacy: a significant correlation between the full scale IQ and the short form IQ, a non-significant difference between the full and short form mean IQ, a low percentage of IQ classification changes resulting…

Recent discussions of sex differences in intellectual abilities concur that such cognitive sex differences are statistically reliable yet small. To examine the variables of anxiety, rigidity, and divergent production, and to demonstrate that meaningful interactions involving the sex variable may be revealed when there are no "simple" sex…

The intended end product of the research project described is an "intelligent" multimedia tutoring system for procedural tasks, in particular, the repair of physical objects. This paper presents the data structure that will be used, i.e., a graph with five types of nodes (mental, abstract, motoric or action, visual, and verbal) and two types of…

The relationship between cognitive psychologists and researchers in artificial intelligence carries substantial benefits for both. An ongoing investigation in causal reasoning in medical problem solving systems illustrates this interaction. This paper traces a dialectic of sorts in which three different types of causal resaoning for medical…

Intelligence quotient (IQ) differences among groups according to sex, and demographic and other variables have been explored for a variety of intelligence tests. This investigation analyzed data from the standardization sample for the 1981 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) to determine the relationship of WAIS-R IQs to the…

Describes an investigation of social sensitivity in which 48 female preschoolers viewed eight filmed episodes of interpersonal behavior containing either congruous or incongruous stimulus features. Results are discussed mainly in terms of mental age differences. (SDH)

The remarkable habits of harvester, fungus, honeydew, slave- keeping, and parasitic ants are examined. (KM)

In the past, educators have proceeded from the assumption that every child can learn, though not all children learn in the same way or at the same rate. Despite the naysayers, this old-fashioned idea that children can be taught still represents the most practical as well as the most soundly based element of the educator's creed. (Author/WM)

The portions of Inequality: A Reassessment of the Effect of Family and Schooling in America (Jencks, et al 1972) concerned with inequality in cognitive skills and estimating the heritability of IQ scores are reviewed. For related articles see TM 501 196-200. (MLP)