Suggesting that headings provide useful cues for input/output processing, this investigation examined the utility of intact (topic outline format) and embedded (appropriately positioned within text) headings as processing aids with non-narrative text material under conditions of immediate and delayed recall. Passages were selected from biology…

Programed instruction may be more efficient and effective when an individualized, fixed pace is chosen for the student. Three studies done in the Pittsburgh city schools to determine the relative merits of instruction at a fixed pace versus a self-adopted pace and several results. In the first experiment, one in which students paced themselves,…

Available from: Sage Publications, Inc., 275 South Beverly Drive, Beverly Hills, California 90212. The effect of a differential reinforcement procedure alone was compared with the use of verbal prompts plus differential reinforcement in reducing deviant social behavior of an institutionalized retarded male (28 years old). (IM)

Using prompting and reinforcement procedures, five severely retarded individuals were trained and employed as client care workers to provide verbal and physical interaction and leisure materials to nonambulatory, multiply=handicapped residents of a mental retardation facility. Levels of interaction equalled or exceeded those displayed by exemplary…

A prompt fading method was employed to teach an eight-year-old student with severe behavior disorders the self-paced use of a functional behavior (requesting rather than grabbing food items). Initial pairing of prompts and natural cues was followed by a mix of prompted and probe (unprompted) trials. (Author/JW)

Teachers of the learning disabled (LD) and mainstream teachers can incorporate preventive cuing practices into existing classroom management procedures to stop disruptive behavior before it starts. They can encourage LD students to accept responsibility for self-management and can maximize cooperation, minimize conflict, and promote positive…

This paper explores the role of instructional scaffolding in the development of undergraduate students' understanding of mathematical proof during a one-year discrete mathematics course. We describe here the framework adapted for the analysis of whole-class discussion and examine how the teacher scaffolded students' thinking. Results suggest that…

The effects of training using visual modeling prompts as preresponse and as error-correction prompting, and a combination of both procedures were examined by teaching vocational rehabilitation clients three assembly tasks. Preresponse prompting resulted in fewer total errors and more trials. The combination group demonstrated superior performance…

This case study describes the use of transfer-of-stimulus prompting procedures to develop toilet skills with a seven-year-old child with pervasive developmental disorder. By first having the child sit on the toilet with her diaper on for two weeks and then taking the diaper off, the child learned to urinate in the toilet. (CR)

This article discusses using individualized multimedia activity schedules as a technology-based instruction for young children with autism. The schedules serve as cues that can help students prepare for transitioning to between school activities. The benefits of using Microsoft PowerPoint in the classroom are described, along with implementation…

Two experiments in training residents with severe disabilities in key use revealed increased ability to locate keys when reinforced for doing so and successful key use by 20 of 25 participants to open and lock their personal lockers. However, only 36 percent of participants were able to use their keys without prompts. (Author/DB)

Using video, five student teachers (grades one through four and six) practiced identifying and interpreting students' verbal and nonverbal behavior during instruction. Teachers continued to measure the success of lessons from an egocentric focus rather than from a student perspective until they viewed and interpreted one of the videos made in…

Two interventions (environmental modification and adult prompting) were evaluated for promoting conversations between three preschoolers with and six without disabilities. Three conditions were used: classroom baseline, theme boxes, and system of least prompts. Use of the system of least prompts produced increases in rates of conversation, turns…

Four secondary students with moderate/severe mental retardation were taught table cleaning skills using a system of least prompts (SLP) procedure and multiple exemplars. In addition, students were encouraged to acquire nontargeted behaviors through observational learning during instructional downtime. Results indicate the SLP strategy was…

In this study, a system of least prompts, partial participation, and parental involvement was used to successfully teach an adolescent with Down syndrome, moderate mental retardation, and Type I diabetes to self-administer an injection of insulin as part of an overall plan to increase self-determination and independence. (Contains seven…