Hypothesized that encouraging depressed subjects to practice nondepressive daydreams could reduce their depression. Subjects were assigned control neutral daydreams, positive daydreams, and daydreams groups, developed by the individual and the experimenter. Change toward decreased depression was significant for the three treatment groups.…

The efficacy of cue-controlled desensitization and systematic rational restructuring was compared with a placebo method and a waiting-list control in reducing public speaking and nontargeted anxieties. Cue-controlled desensitization was generally more effective than the other groups in reducing subjective speech anxiety. (Author)

Studied how the didactic training of Rogerian theory and the didactic training of assertiveness each caused an increase in the level of actualization and time competence. The effect of didactic training was significantly greater than the effect of inspiration or expectation on actualization, Didactic training, did not affect assertiveness. (Author)

Ascertained whether diagnostic feedback had a positive influence on treatment outcome. Snake-fearful females took psychological tests and were randomly assigned to treatment conditions. The greatest therapeutic improvement resulted for the enhanced-personality-feedback-with-treatment group as compared to the treatment-only group. The…

Clients admitted to an alcohol abuse treatment program volunteered for social skills training related to difficult on-the-job situations. Modeling alone and modeling plus focused instruction were employed to improve several target behaviors. Addition of focused instructions greatly enhanced treatment effects. (Author)

Reports outcome measures obtained from patients, therapists, and clinical observers in the Penn Psychotherapy Project. The relationship between residual gain score and ratings of benefits suggest that posttreatment ratings of outcome take account of the fact that amount of change to be expected depends on initial level of functioning. (Author)

Subjects receiving nonaversive treatment were assigned to maintenance strategies: modeling, participant observing, or self-monitoring control. Subjects showed a mean smoking rate of 46% of baseline at one year and no significant relapse between six months and one year. Differences and correlations with attribution and other questionnaire measures…

The perceived social, behavioral, and health effects of phencyclidine (PCP) use among a sample of 200 users were studied. Results suggest that chronic PCP use has a destructive impact upon developmental processes by disrupting education and employment, impairing close relationships, contributing to criminal status, and otherwise impairing mental…

Type A behavior, also known as coronary prone behavior, should be identified in children as its lack of treatment could lead to coronary disease and death if the child continues the behavior into adulthood. (CJ)

Two conferences, Seaside I and Seaside II, were held to develop a professional support system to assist in improving the health education profession in Oregon. Due to the success of the first two conferences, two more were held in which conceptual models in nutrition, fitness, sexuality, and weight control were presented. (JN)

Reviews recent experimental studies of social learning therapies for drug abuse and examines the relationship between attention to generalization or maintenance issues and other factors. The behavior modification-behavior therapy literature exhibits consistent deficiencies in its clinical procedures for and methodological approach to…

Task-centered social work, like many other short-term treatment models, assumes that the degree of concentration on a problem is positively related to change. This study examines that assumption. (Author)

Women, self-referred for dental anxiety, were given four weeks of cue-controlled relaxation treatment. Nonorthogonal planned comparisons indicated significant decreases on dental anxiety, anxiety differential, and state anxiety scales, and systolic blood pressure. Participants reported that treatment was helpful in controlling anxiety when…

A three-stage model of marital enrichment designed to maximize valid effects and integrate participants' attitudinal and behavioral changes is presented. Goals of the three stages are differentiated; their advantages and limitations are discussed. Suggestions for well-designed research on the sequential model are presented. (Author)

Describes longitudinal changes in premature infants' behaviors after various forms of stimulation were given during a standardized neurological examination. Regardless of conceptional age, arousal level increased as the examination progressed. Conceptional age influenced rapidity of change from lower to higher states of arousal and determined the…