Comments on article by Ray E. Hosford in same issue. (CJ)

The role of the psychologist is to make available to the teacher psychological knowledge and techniques relevant to problem solution. The role of the teacher is to use these techniques in solving the problem. Two case studies are presented to illustrate this procedure. (Author)

The investigation of the comparison of the effects of behaviorally oriented action and psychotherapy reeducation on introversion extraversion, emotionality and internal external control showed that the program designed to create new behaviors were more effective than reeducation programs in inducing attitudinal changes. (Author)

A contingency based lottery system was implemented to improve the classroom behavior of 18 learning disabled and educable mentally handicapped students, 13 to 16 years old. The lottery led to greater preparation for class and fewer incidents of talking without permission per student. (Author/CL)

A combination of instructions, modeling, praise, and feedback was applied for improving work performances with three mildly retarded adults in a business setting. Generalization occured across stimulus conditions and untrained responses, demonstrating that the retarded can be vocationally trained in a normal work setting without elaborate token…

Nine special education teachers participated in a language development minicourse emphasizing behavioral approaches. Results showed substantial increases in the teachers' use of skills in the week they were featured in the course. Further increases occurred for most skills when they were exposed to the full combination oF training methods. (CL)

A seven-year-old profoundly retarded male was trained to perform 15 of 18 functional tasks via an imitation approach paired with contingent reinforcement. Thirteen tasks were maintained at a high rate during the school year. Also, he developed response alternatives for existing self-stimulatory behaviors. (CL)

The rumination behavior of an institutionalized six-year-old severely retarded child was greatly reduced when overcorrection techniques were implemented. The overcorrection program utilized both restitution and positive practice in the form of an aversive taste solution. (Author/SW)

Effectiveness of reinforcing an alternative response combined with extinction was demonstrated in two mentally retarded children who exhibited high-rate hand stereoptics. (CL)

Fourteen parents of autistic children participating in a home-based behavioral program viewed their treatment more favorably than a comparison group of parents receiving more usual forms of treatment. Most had an accurate impression of treatment, but half found it hard to use the methods suggested. (Author/CL)

Using free time as a consequence was effective in maintaining accuracy while increasing the percentage of arithmetic assignments completed by an underachieving seven-year-old. Follow-up data revealed that the improvements were maintained even though no programmed consequences were in effect. (Author/CL)

A 10 unit behavior modification workshop for 10 teachers and aides in a school for severely mentally retarded students resulted in significant gains for teachers which were maintained over a 7 week period. Classroom aides, however, made only slight and nonsignificant gains after training. (CL)

Empirically evaluated the efficacy of treating combat-related disorders by imaginally presenting the aversive events surrounding the trauma. Treated a Vietnam veteran for anxiety-related symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Reduction of anxiety through imaginal exposure to the aversive events led to marked improvement in overall adjustment.…

Arguments are reviewed for and against the use of food and drink as reinforcers in school based programs for severely handicapped students. A set of guidelines is proposed. The focus is on compatibility with children's long-range educational, health, and social goals. (Author/SW)

Subjects were assigned to conditions based on smoking rates: self-monitoring nicotine plus health hazard information; self-monitoring cigarettes plus health information; and self-monitoring cigarettes with no health information. Nicotine self-monitoring groups showed greater reactivity. Exposure to health hazard information had no effect. (Author)