Various social problems are created by migration of low-income rural people into urban areas. These people are classified "low income" because their material level-of-living is often less than that found in urban areas. The dominant national values for material well-being are based upon urban middle class standards, thus creating a social problem…

Several characteristics have been identified as permeating the lives of a great many dropouts. The potential dropout may be several years retarded in reading and mathematics, and is usually plagued by personal, social, and familial problems. Suggestions for stemming the alarming rate of school dropouts include community provision for treatment and…

This conference paper points out underlying assumptions about current social events and relates contemporary actions to ultimate goals. Attention is drawn to a broader view of economic, social, and political factors and to the need for shifting from an examination of poverty to a critical awareness of the issues of inequality. Also discussed is…

A difficult and urgent task facing the university is the formulation of a satisfactory philosophy of public service. Because of the great interdependence between the university and society, it is a notion that cannot be rejected. On the other hand, overcommitment to public service could result in a damaging financial burden, a dwarfing of major…

Urban educational leaders must make the educational experience relevant to children and advocate constructive changes in educational, political, and social sectors to benefit their students. They need to know what effect environment has on achievement and the relationship of teachers' attitudes to student achievement. The blame for…

Over 100 available 16mm films are listed in this annotated bibliography on urban studies. The listings are classified under new towns and new cities; film series on general urban problems; cinematic and artistic impressions of cities; ghetto problems, slums, and skid rows; and general urban planning, urban renewal, housing and neighborhood…

This paper holds that the outcomes of formal procedures between low-status groups and those in authority over them are largely symbolic or marginal in character. Language and gestures are said to define the involvement of these groups with authorities either as joint participation in policy making or as conflict. Whether a political action is…

The role of economic education in the "new social studies" of the 1970s is discussed. Based on the premise that a sound understanding of economics must be a part of the preparation of anyone who would teach social studies, it follows that 1) good instructional material must be developed; 2) teacher education institutions must improve their…

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the increasing migration of African tribal members to urban centers and the resulting redefinition of cultural norms, social pressures, and human needs. First, several misconceptions about African societies are examined by briefly reviewing Africa's tribal history. Next, the phenomenon of tribalism is…

In most developing countries the net private benefit of higher education exceeds its net social benefit because education-related wage differentials are excessive and the beneficiaries of higher education are subsidized. The resulting political pressures seem to favor investment in education over the creation of employment opportunities. A more…

Intended to serve as a beginning reference text for students and teachers, this study guide documents "white racism" and some of the problems and struggles Chicanos have faced and continue to experience in the United States. Personal contributions of individuals, and the richness and texture added to American culture by Chicanos are also…

Two essential goals of the Chicano are: (1) achieving cultural pluralism and (2) equal opportunity. Success in achieving these aims will depend partly on the Chicano's uniqueness as a multinational person. Mexico's presence is of utmost importance for this endeavor. However, having a former homeland adjacent has not provided an example or…

Two draft courses of study together with some suggested learning activities are presented for initial tryout and experimentation: 1) Women's Studies - Women in American History; and 2) HIStory and HERstory: Changing Roles of the American Women. These experimental curriculum materials may serve as resource for an option, an alternative, an…

A survey was conducted by the Rural Sociology Section of The Pennsylvania State University Cooperative Extension Service and the Montour County Extension Association, utilizing 323 ninth through twelfth grade in-school youth and 199 parents. Data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Three specific objectives of the survey…

Unlike many population forecasts, the thesis of this paper is that present and prospective effects of population growth in the United States have been exaggerated in comparison with other aspects of population change. The effects of national population growth have been confused with those of growing affluence, changing technology, and…