It is popularly held that the low rate of birth control use among sexually-active American teenagers is primarily due to their immaturity. Many teenagers are commencing their sexual careers prior to acquisition of the social and cognitive abilities demanded by responsible contraceptive use. A general decision-making framework can be used to create…

The purpose of this book is to help parents and their prekindergarten children toward an awareness of what school is and an expectation of what it can be. Part I provides information on (1) the child's fifth year of development (needs, intelligence, and sensory experience); (2) the nature of kindergarten schooling (including a brief history of…

This annotated bibliography contains abstracts of 99 studies conducted in the area of test anxiety. Evaluations of the studies are presented in a format which allows comparison of the studies to be made. Information about each study includes: (1) a description of subjects; (2) the type of intervention or treatment used; (3) the dependent measures;…

An ethnographic study of small group reading instruction was conducted to learn how teachers' judgments of students' abilities influenced the way they grouped students for reading instruction and the effects of these grouping practices on teachers' planning and instructional behaviors. Two teachers and 20 students were observed over the course of…

This book offers analyses, applications, and a combined form of behaviorism and humanism as they relate to the teaching of physical education. The composition of the two systems is explored pragmatically, with an overall objective of assisting teachers in their endeavors to make teaching and learning more efficient, effective, and rewarding. The…

This report summarizes the results of a study of the Child Development Centers (CDC), a program operated by the Seattle, Washington public schools to provide social services to students from four to eight years old. Preliminary results from a long-term follow-up study of students successfully terminated from the CDC program between 1973 and 1977…

Ethnography as a classroom observation method addresses itself to the situations, events, patterns, and contexts that exist in a classroom at a given time. A priori categorical observation and evaluation systems measure what the system is designed to "see," and may fail to record anomolies and salient events that affect teaching and learning in…

A study was conducted of teachers of disadvantaged children during the 1979-80 school year in Dade County, Florida. The study involved nearly 100 inner city elementary teachers who were identified as being the most effective teachers in their schools. The teachers responded to a lengthy questionnaire which asked very detailed questions about how…

Cognitive change in the elderly can be due to several etiological factors which are empirically difficult to separate and clinically problematic to differentiate. Normal aging is accompanied by behavioral slowing. The slowing down of psycho-motor processes results in a lowered intelligence quotient, but cannot be taken as unequivocal evidence for…

Suggestions put forth in this paper on coping with violence in the classroom are based on the ethical teaching found in the Sermon on the Mount, personal experiences, and from various teachers, philosophers, and advocates of nonviolent behavior. Chapter headings for the major sections include: (1) Our culture reflects what it values--violence is a…

In order to assess the needs of single-parent children and how schools should meet these needs, the author examined and individually annotated numerous research studies. The introduction includes a statement of the problem, the purpose and organization of the study, and definitions of terms. The bulk of the paper consists of the collection of…

Experimental and supplementary observational studies of how children help one another learn are reported. In the experiment, developmental patterns in children's discourse in two common peer-learning situations were investigated. Sixty-four pairs of children, drawn equally from kindergarten and second grade, participated in the study. Dyads,…

The extent of variety in structure and format of teaching mathematics in fifth grade classrooms and its relation to student attention was studied. The data for this study consisted of observations made in eighteen math classes for a period of six to ten days with a mean of over eight days. Seatwork and recitation accounted for over 95 percent of…

To compile a comprehensive review of English language scientific literature regarding the effects of television on human behavior, the authors of this book evaluated more than 2,500 books, articles, reports, and other documents. Rather than taking a traditional approach, the authors followed a new model for the retrieval and synthesis of…

A number of assessment measures are available for measuring affective growth in reading. Among the factors involved in affective response to reading are attitude toward reading, interest in reading, and attitude toward specific reading programs. The most commonly used of the reactive measures of affective reading growth (those in which…