Data from Colorado Adoption Project were used to examine hypothesis that association between parental divorce and children's adjustment is mediated by genetic factors. Findings for psychopathology were consistent with an environmentally mediated explanation for the association. Findings for achievement and social adjustment were consistent with a…

This study examined the social and affective functioning of 2,011 students (grades two through eight) with special needs (disability, limited English speaking, at risk for school failure, and non-categorized) receiving instruction in inclusive general education classrooms. Children with disabilities and children at risk displayed large (but…

A study of 984 families of children with emotional and behavioral disturbance used the Caregiver Strain Questionnaire to assess the effects of the shift of primary caregiving to the family due to deinstitutionalization. Results indicate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, which also identified three related but unique dimensions of…

Examined the relationship between junior high school students' participation in an alcohol prevention program and level of refusal skills (as measured by role plays), noting the relationship between refusal skills and alcohol misuse over three years. Regression analysis indicated that refusal skills were significant mediators of the effect of the…

Interviews were conducted with staff and family members of 54 Australian individuals with mental retardation and with nine of the individuals, who had been moved from a psychiatric hospital to community residential homes. Overall, all informants regarded the move as positive and reported improvements in daily living skills, social skills, and…

Focuses on factors influencing the mastery of a foreign language and one's native tongue. Both the child-mother relationship and the teacher-student relationship greatly influence the desire and propensity of an individual to acquire fluency in the language being taught. To learn to speak signifies a wish to use a language and become immersed in…

This study, with 4 parent-child dyads in which the children (ages 9 to 11) exhibited substantial homework problems, found that goal setting and contingency contracting produced significant improvements in children's homework accuracy. Two of the subjects showed substantial improvements in on-task behavior. Parents rated the procedures highly.…

This survey found that middle and high school students (n=1,137) believe friendship with a student with a severe disability is more likely to occur if the student is included in the general education class, if cooperative learning is used, if information on disabilities is given, and if integrated social activities are arranged. (CR)

Examines the affective dimension of second-language comprehension by analyzing a transcript from a case study in which children conversed about their engagement with stories. Findings suggest that texts may be understood in the informational sense without true comprehension of meaning at the affective level. Implications for classroom practice are…

The professor's primary responsibility to students is directly related to the professor's understanding of his ethical self. The first step toward establishing ethical identity within the ethos of higher education is self-reflection. The quality of faculty decision making can be improved by increased self-awareness and sensitivity to student…

Examines the dialogic nature of educational practices, by studying how local speech genres in two diverse communities influence teachers' descriptions of their practice and the children with whom they work. Argues that the meanings attached to the way students are viewed are generated within a community and have profound implications for the way…

Reviews the history and prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) with special reference to children and adolescents. Presents historical examples and an account of the way PTSD has been represented in various models of classification. Discusses the prevalence of PTSD among youth exposed to war-related stressors, criminal and/or…

Considerable research has been conducted since posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was included in the American Psychiatric Association's taxonomy of mental disorders. Most studies have involved adults. Whereas different treatment modalities have been applied with different degrees of efficacy with traumatized youth, this article considers…

Evaluating children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in order to facilitate their transition to school is reviewed. A process-oriented approach to assessing TBI children during rehabilitation is suggested. The major areas of functioning important to school reentry are discussed. The need for families and professionals to communicate about the…

A study used qualitative methods to examine lack of clarity and need for inference in teaching of an undergraduate physics course for nonscience majors. Evidence from several data sources converge, revealing very low levels of student understanding of material presented and strong dissatisfaction with instruction, and also insights into teacher…