A study of children's expectancies about their general success or failure in adult life revealed that the overwhelming majority were quite optimistic and minimally pessimistic. Children's optimism or pessimism about their distant future was not related to their current social success or failure. (DR)

The relationship between personality traits of learning disabled children and their neuropsychological performance were examined in this study. Intellectual, academic, and neuropsychological measures were used to derive three subgroups. Personality and behavioral data were used to identify four dimensions, which are discussed in terms of…

Investigated factors influencing truancy from a juvenile court treatment facility. Youth placed in the facility were compared for number of truancies, background, and personality variables. Males with prior adjudication for truancy had a 65% probability of eloping from the court facility. Females showed a 62% probability of truancy. Personality…

Data were collected from high school students to observe peers' perceptions of two fictional adolescent females--one a smoker, the other a nonsmoker. Findings suggest that peers perceived the personality traits of the smoker more negatively than the nonsmoking counterpart. Recommendations are made for health educators. (Author/DF)

Administered items from three locus of control (LOC) tests and the Beck Hopelessness Scale to 197 undergraduates. Factor analyses produced multiple factors for each LOC test; Beck proved to be unidimensional. Each LOC test contained salient dimension describing belief in luck, chance, or fate. Other common themes were internal control and…

Business executives, who had worked up a bureaucratic hierarchy, entrepreneurs, and managers completed the Miner Sentence Completion Scale (MSCS), a measure of managerial motivation. Results indicated that theory congruent top executives had higher managerial motivation than entrepreneurs or managers. Findings support the theory and the use of the…

Investigated the accuracy with which personnel recruiters perceive specific reward preferences of new college graduates and the effect of recruiter experiences on perceptual accuracy. Results indicated significant differences on 11 job characteristics. Although recruitment specialization did not influence accuracy, experience did, with less…

Examined similarities and differences in like-sex and unlike-sex parent-adolescent modeling. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventories were administered to 59 emotionally disturbed adolescents and their mothers. Results showed that the mother-daughter profiles were very similar but the mother-son profiles were dissimilar. The mother-daughter…

Theorizes that there are two primary dimensions or continua along which delays or dysfunctions may occur in career decision making: the decided/undecided state and the decisiveness/indecisiveness trait. Suggest that the combination of the two dimensions yields four distinct diagnostic categories which demonstrate the need for differential…

Public and industrial accountants (N=425) completed the California Psychological Inventory (CPI). CPI scales successfully discriminated suboccupations within male and female samples. Results indicated that individuals belonging to intraoccupational concentrations were distinguishable in terms of personality, perceived work climate, and outcome…

Intellectually gifted students (N=199) and students in the fine and performing arts (N=176) completed the High School Personality Questionnaire. Results indicated that gifted students obtained higher leadership potential scores, while talented students scored higher in creativity. Several significant differences were found in personality profiles…

Cluster analysis of 81 gifted and talented elementary students on three measures of motivation, creativity, social awareness, social skills, and perferred learning activities revealed four subgroups evidencing considerable variation in creative personality traits. Learning needs of the four groups were briefly identified. (CL)

A study of the learning techniques and strategies of successful learners revealed these strategies: monitoring which often involves silent speaking, attending to form and meaning, guessing, practicing, motivation to communicate, and mnemonics. It also revealed a high tolerance for ambiguity in successful learners. (MSE)

Using a national sample of 249 employed couples, effects of own and spouse's education, occupational status, and income are assessed on three dimensions of psychological functioning: ideational flexibility, self-directedness of orientation, and distress. Results for each dimension of psychological functioning are given. (Author/BL)

To test the hypothesis that acculturation influences the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) performance of Native Americans, an instrument was developed to measure five components of acculturation. When both the acculturation instrument and the MMPI-168 were administered to 69 Rosebud Sioux, results confirmed the hypothesis. Thus,…