Investigated how urban elderly spend their days. Obtained detailed time budgets for one full day from 535 persons with differing levels of independence in contrasting environmental settings. Consistent patterns appeared across groups, particularly in the amount of time spent in the various social contexts and in most discretionary activities.…

Studied the effect of different base rates of a target phenomenon on psychometric efficiency when an explicit decision-making rule was used to evaluate police officers. Concluded that numerous predictive indices would be required to screen such a heterogeneous population. (Author/JAC)

A comparison of identity status, locus of control, and ego stage development was completed using 294 college students. Identity achievement students were found to be more advanced in their ego stage development and level of internality, while diffusion students were less advanced. No evidence was found for intraindividual development. (Author/RD)

Investigated possible score bias on the MMPI among Blacks and Mexican-Americans who were receiving aid to families with dependent children. (Author)

Involved the assessment of perceived adjustment among individuals court assigned to DWI (Driving While Intoxicated) classes. Individuals 25 years and younger reported significantly higher levels of perceived maladjustment and emotional upset. Sex was related to interpersonal behavior. (Author)

Provides normative locus of control data for male alcoholics undergoing treatment. Results indicated that a score six or below defined the internally controlled alcoholic, seven or above, the externally controlled alcoholic. The distribution of locus of control scores did not differ significantly from a normal distribution. (Author/BEF)

Compared predictive validity of anxiety measures. Undergraduates were pretested with general and specific trait anxiety measures and later exposed to situations involving a rat, a test, and social anxiety. Results indicated the predictive validity of specific measures was greater than that of general measures in 7 of 32 comparisons. (Author/BEF)

Reports standardization of the Child Behavior Checklist for boys aged 6-11. Analysis of CBCLs of disturbed boys yielded behavior problem scales labeled schizoid, depressed, uncommunicative, obsessive-compulsive, somatic complaints, social withdrawal, hyperactive, aggressive, and delinquent. Second-order factors are Internalizing and Externalizing.…

Pairs of brothers were individually examined with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale some 10 months apart by an experienced clinical psychologist unaware of the consanguineous relationship. Correlation of .42 for Full Scale IQ is consistent with median correlation reported by Erlenmeyer-Kimling and Jarvik in their 1963 literature review.…

Investigated the need for special Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) norms for Black adults. The difference between responses of Blacks and Whites to rarely endorsed items suggests that, for Blacks, this new scale may be a more accurate measure of correlates associated with endorsement of deviant items. (Author/BEF)

For 71 Israeli first graders, a significant correlation was obtained between creativity and decrease in repression. The various subtests and the four dimensions of creativity were separately analyzed in relation to anxiety and repression. No relation was found between intelligence and the dynamic variables of anxiety and repression. (Author/SJL)

Reports on a study that compared physically abusive mothers with mothers who were not abusive and found that empathy, or lack of it, may be a more critical factor than stress in determining a parent's tendency to abuse a child. Implications for practice are described. (Author)

Argues that psychologists and personality theorists, who claim that values depend upon needs, have mistakenly reversed the order of dependence. Suggests needs do not determine values, but rather values determine needs. (RC)

Employment of adolescents aged 16-18 in two-parent families was analyzed in relation to personal and family characteristics; adolescent orientations, expectations, and attitudes toward working; and parental attitudes toward working. Working adolescents generally reported that their job had a positive rather than negative effect on overall quality…

Vocational scales other than those describing the occupational group in question may often predict job performance. A case is reported using Holland's Self Directed Search and two groups of policemen. Scores on the Artistic and Conventional scales consistently predict effective performance as a patrolman. (Author)