A sample of 41 fourth- through sixth-grade children participated in structured situations and were rated by themselves and their teachers on the same four facets of prosocial conduct (donating, helping, sharing, and cooperating). Among the results, the relationship between need for approval and prosocial conduct varied inversely with the…

Academics scored higher on the artistic type and significantly lower on the enterprising type. Academics are motivated by the opportunity for scientific contribution, for autonomy, and for the high status attained in their jobs. Professionals in industry are highly motivated by the opportunity for exercising power. (Author)

Adults with different sex-role identities rated likability of male and female stimulus persons. Under some conditions, all female subjects and feminine males made more polar ratings of opposite-sex stimulus persons. Under other conditions, masculine males rated male stimulus persons more negatively than female stimulus persons. (Author)

Subjects, reading a profile of a couple filing for divorce, made attributions about responsibility, financial settlement, future behavior, and personality traits. Reasons for divorce, physical attractiveness of husband and wife, and sex of subject were varied. Attractiveness strongly influenced personality ratings. Reason for divorce was related…

Examines a sample of roommate conflicts in terms of a theoretical approach to communication in interpersonal conflict, which emphasizes the role of attributional processes. Associations between the conflict strategies reported, their attributions for conflicts, and conflict outcomes were in the expected direction. (JMF)

As predicted, high-oral clients showed better understanding of their counselor's personal qualities than did low-oral clients. Orality produced a need to observe the counselor closely. Female clients of male counselors make the best predictors. (Author)

Those who preferred principled levels of moral reasoning were seen as being dependable, rational, creative, intelligent, and accepting of rules and constraints of society, but at the same time, able to think independently and aware of the need for change. (Author)

Counselors with low dogmatism scores are more effective than counselors with higher dogmatism scores. Over the course of training, the group of trainees classified as highly dogmatic both decreased in level of dogmatism and increased in level of counseling effectiveness as measured by improvement in level of performance. (Author)

Two studies involving a total of 837 intermediate-grade students found that multivariate analyses of self-concept inventories reveal dimensions uncovered by univariate methods. (NRB)

Admissions committees, it is suggested, should regard a failure experience as an opportunity to examine characteristics of candidates which may otherwise be inapparent. Current admissions criteria do not adequately address the social responsibilities and humanitarian goals of medical education. (Author/MLW)

Six theoretical properties of the self as seen from an interactionist perspective are discussed in terms of their measurement implications. Suggestions are made about how such properties might be taken into account in deriving quantitative measures of certain characteristics of role/identities. (Author/MH)

This study involved the construction of a theory and scoring manual for assessing the developmental stages of individuals' concepts of marriage. Four stages (Magical, Idealized Conventional, Individualistic, and Affirmational) were identified. Reliability was acceptable. Correlations with age, schooling, ego development, and years of marriage…

Patients were classified into categories using Spitzer and Endicott's computer program for diagnosis. Analyses of variance using single and grouped scales and discriminant analyses predicting category membership suggested that narrow band categorization is better predicted by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory than is broad band…

College women were given questionnaires designed to measure aspects of social competence. Scores were factor analyzed. Loadings obtained from samples suggested three major dimensions: hetereosexual anxiety, social self-esteem, and dating activity. Oblique rotation indicated that the factors were highly interrelated. (Author/BEF)