Investigates differences in three dating violence profiles. Analysis of participants surveyed (N=77) show that 66% of students reported mutual dating violence. Those in mutually violent relationships reported receiving and perpetrating significantly more violence than individuals involved in one-sided violent relationships as victims only or as…

Comparison of childhood traits and conditions of 21 eminent American women scientists and 235 eminent women in other fields found both groups more similar than different, but future scientists tended to engage in more scientific activities, were more bookish and scholarly, and were typically encouraged to pursue nature study, reading, and writing.…

Responds to a critique of a previous article describing the role of psychological resources in well-being. Focuses on the malleability of partly hereditary traits, evidence for the self-generation of stressful life events, and future research. Concludes that partly hereditary but modifiable personality traits influence both behavior and life…

Computer-assisted and paper-and-pencil-administered formats for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventories were investigated. Subjects were 32 master's and doctoral-level counseling students. Findings indicated that the two formats were comparable and that students preferred the computer-assisted format. (AEF)

Examined the attachment status of infants in the home and laboratory by observing infant temperament and maternal parenting sensitivity, as well as parent reports of infant temperament. Subjects were 49 families and their infants. Results highlighted the need to consider other factors besides maternal sensitivity to explain the variability in the…

Examined the antecedents of infant-father attachment among 136 father-son dyads using the Ainsworth and Wittig Strange Situation procedure and questionnaires. Found that fathers of secure infants were more extroverted and agreeable than fathers of insecure infants, tended to have more positive marriages, and experienced more positive emotional…

A review of studies on identity status and of a study involving 2,557 Dutch adolescents who completed the Utrecht-Groningen Identity Development Scale (W. Meeus, 1993) supports a refinement of the identity status model that shows progressive developmental trends and indicates that the difference between high and low statuses increases with age.…

Perfectionism scores of 600 students identified as academically talented and 418 peers from the general cohort of sixth graders, all from similar socioeconomic backgrounds, were compared using the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Findings indicated little intergroup difference in mean scores or in the frequency of perfectionistic types. (DB)

Examines perfectionism by locating and interviewing a sample of participants who either considered themselves to be perfectionists or were considered to be perfectionists by others who know them well. Results are presented and discussed along with suggestions for further research and the implications for counseling. (FC)

Considers age and sex differences on aggressive and responsive communication traits. States that participants reported their verbal aggressiveness, argumentativeness, communication apprehension, cognitive flexibility, and other characteristics. Finds significant interactions for argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness. Concludes that studying…

Assessed three constructs (resilient, invulnerable, and vulnerable) as they related to marijuana use, examining the role of spirituality and social support as potential buffering mechanisms. Data on 103 African American undergraduates from two historically black colleges indicated that students who continued to use marijuana were less spiritual…

Discusses the influence of personality traits and approaches to studying on students' information-seeking behavior, with a specific focus on use of information technology. Three information-seeking patterns emerged from analyses of 305 college students: "Fast Surfers,""Broad Scanners," and "Deep Divers." Findings…

Rural Underpinnings for Resiliency and Linkages (RURAL) is an example of a Safe Schools/Healthy Students project. Using a public health approach to increase school safety and promote healthy behaviors, RURAL introduced strategies designed to provide universal prevention for the school population, early intervention for at-risk children and…

Four studies explored children's beliefs about the stability of positive traits among three groups. Findings indicated that younger children were more likely than older children or adults to believe that negative physical and psychological traits would change positively, that they could control the expression of a trait, and that extreme positive…

Studied the structure and personality correlates of affect among predominantly Mexican university students using a list of Spanish affect terms and a Spanish translation of the Big Five personality dimensions. Results were compared with those from previous research in other countries. There was sufficient support for cross-cultural compatibility…