Developmental change in self-esteem was assessed from early adolescence through early adulthood. Found that males tended to increase and females to decrease in self-esteem over time and that there was rank order consistency in self-esteem over time. Within each gender, individuals' differences in developmental trajectories were related to…

Motivation for receiving orthodontic treatment was studied among 109 young adults, and a multivariate model of the process is proposed. The combination of smallest scale analysis and Partial Order Scalogram Analysis by base Coordinates (POSAC) illustrates an interesting methodology for health treatment studies and explores motivation for dental…

Presents summary of Inter-Domain Model applied to career assessment and counseling, which formally encompasses three major categories of variables: occupational interests, abilities, and personality characteristics. Reviews requirements of a theory of career assessment and discusses major components of the Inter-Domain Model. (Author/NB)

The contents of 67 college-level creativity course syllabi were analyzed. A theoretical framework emerged with five dimensions, including social climate, personality characteristics, models or theories, process involved, and product variables related to end results. (DB)

Contends that emerging global economy has implications for both individual psychology and structure and choice of occupations. Examines growing need for personal flexibility as response to influence of advanced technology, new economic and political alliances, and sweeping social revolutions. Addresses central role of counselor in facilitating…

Assessed the family environment and personality of 400 pairs of 59-year-old twins. Genetic influences on extraversion and neuroticism were related to genetic influences on the family environment factors of relationship and personal growth but not to the factor of system maintenance. (BC)

Research relating to the factor structure of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) and the Clinical Analysis Questionnaire is reviewed. Different opinions about the factors measured by the 16PF are discussed. Focusing on the second-order factor level could eliminate problems with the instruments' reliability. (SLD)

Contrasts today's sex stereotypes with those of 10 years ago. Fifty-six female and 56 male undergraduates rated 217 adjectives as representing typical men or women. Core male traits continue to relate to "potency-strength" dimensions, and core female traits to "niceness-nurturance" dimensions, but the categories show more overlap and less…

Examined work-to-retirement process, using quantitative and qualitative evaluations to verify whether pre-, intra-, and postretirement periods are different from one another when individual's internal organization is examined. Findings from 17 experimental and 22 control subjects, aged 65, revealed that at quantitative level retirement transition…

A model for developmental transitions in defense use in adolescence based on an integration of psychoanalytic views of adolescence and J. Loevinger's theory of ego development was tested with 31 male and 35 female adolescents. Results support some hypothesized developmental transitions and not others. Implications of findings are discussed. (SLD)

Administered Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale and Edwards Personal Preference Schedule to 426 adults, aged 18 through 90. Findings suggest that men create humor more, although women used more coping humor. As age increased, so did humor creativity, coping humor, and humor appreciation. Those who sought to create humor appeared to have need…

Conducted post hoc analysis of 60 Hispanics and 60 Caucasians who had filed under workers' compensation to examine cross-cultural differences of somatization and malingering as assessed by Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Significant differences were found for somatization; Hispanics were more likely to somatize. Minimal differences…

A study of 64 mothers and their 3- to 8-year-old children examined mothers' attributions, affect, and proposed behavioral responses regarding 2 forms of noncompliant behavior, direct defiance and passive noncompliance. Findings indicated that mothers regarded children's direct defiance as more intentional and dispositional than passive…

Reports a study that examined the interactive effects of smoking status and gender on shyness, sociability, loneliness, and hopelessness among 1,915 high school students in a Mississippi county. Results indicated smoking status significantly impacted with gender on each of the four psychosocial variables. Male smokers felt more lonely and hopeless…

Theoretical review provides psychologists with stronger etiological explanations for problematic behaviors they encounter in schools. Considers theory of gene-environment correlation to explain how behavior patterns can become more stable over life span and diathesis-stress theory to clarify how environment interacts with behavioral dispositions…