In a study of 151 college freshmen of both sexes, cognitive complexity and learning orientation revealed gender-related qualitative differences within parallel cognitive structures. Different cognitive structures were accompanied by different learning orientations. (Author/TE)

Discusses the use of relevant literature and exercises for teaching about parapsychology in introductory psychology courses. Provides information about a body of literature which might be used by instructors in presenting parapsychology. Points out that works of literature related to the topic of personality and other topics in psychology might be…

Points out that competition is inevitable and that it is a means, not an end, in itself. Urges that passions involved in competitive situations not be denied but understood. Suggests that it is only through the understanding of such passions that we can maintain a balance between aggression and compliance. (KO)

Randomly assigned 41 students to 2 twice-weekly groups, which met for 3 hours eight times; 2 marathons, which met continuously for 24 hours; and nontreatment control group. Treatment groups had significant positive changes on 14 of 15 measured personality variables between pre- and post-test, and positive change on all dependent measures between…

Administered two death anxiety measures and personality questionnaire to 161 undergraduates. Results revealed that death anxiety scores were significantly related to neuroticism and to Type A behavior patterns, such that high death anxiety was correlated with greater emotionality and more aggressiveness. Neuroticism, Type A behaviors,…

In a comparison of ratings by mothers of low SES children and mothers of high SES children, the mothers from the low SES group reported themselves as being less bothered by difficult behaviors. Mothers of low SES children did not perceive their children as being more difficult on a global rating scale. (RH)

Examined predictive relationship between Black adolescent identity development and family structure among 237 Black high school students who completed measures of ego identity, self-esteem, and family structure. Data only partially support predictive utility of family structure for ego identity development. Found general lack of relationship…

The article discusses the concept of inspiration as a component of creativity, including environmental influences, affective self-awareness, effective verbal communication to preserve inspired experiences, and the role of humor. The creative problem-solving process is also addressed, with attention to divergent thinking strategies and the practice…

The study comparing responses of the teachers of learning disabled (LD) seven-year-olds on the Temperament Assessment Battery to those of teachers of non-LD students found that teachers of LD students consistently evidenced perceptions in the negative direction suggesting that social ability, adjustment, and persistence contribute to the…

Investigates the relationship between 24 children's experiences in their second year, their mental and emotional disposition before and after the second year, and their motivational competence. Type and quality of experience were related to mental and emotional disposition. (RJC)

Examines the potential relationships between physiological responses to anxiety and stress, and reactions to oppression among Black males. Explores the relevance of quantitative methods for increasing understanding of human behavior from Afrocentric as well as Eurocentric perspectives. (MW)

Investigated sex differences in the motor activity level of 83 children of 5-8 years. Relative maturity was negatively related to activity level. Girls were less motorically active and more mature than boys. (RJC)

Data suggest that infants with high vagal tone were more reactive than infants with low vagal tone to positive and negative events at 5 months, and were more sociable at 14 months. Infant reactivity to mildly stressful events seemed to be a stable dimension during the first year. (RH)

Reviews current research topics relating to computer simulations in German-speaking countries that emphasize problem solving and decision making. Topics discussed include the number of independent variables; studies that focus on personality characteristics; studies that focus on situational characteristics; and suggestions for further research…

Investigated relationship between critical flicker fusion (CFF) thresholds and five personality characteristics (alienation; social nonconformity; discomfort, expression, and defensiveness) under three auditory stimulus conditions (quiet, noise, meaningful verbal stimuli). Results from 60 college students revealed that auditory stimulation and…