The increasing participation of women in the labor force has generated research concerning how employed women are perceived by others. Less research has been done concerning how working mothers, particularly those with very young children, are perceived. This study examined how adults viewed working mothers or young children and investigated…

The study looked at the relationship between gifted students' sense of self-efficacy to their decisions to undertake independent investigations. It also examined whether efficacy beliefs, gifted behavior, or both could be increased by participation in a mini-course on research methodology. The literature on self-efficacy theory is reviewed showing…

This study examined whether the personality characteristics associated with sex-role self-concept and field dependency might be related to the coping behavior used with everyday hassles by university women. Female college students (N=40) completed the Rod and Frame test, a questionnaire to define subjects' dominant coping behavior, and the short…

Much of the scientific community has believed that temperament variables could not be included in batteries of tests to predict job performance because no generalized principles could be discerned from the results. For Project A, a major Army project on the prediction of job performance, a temperament inventory was developed and implemented. This…

This paper serves as a prologue to three case studies exemplifying instances in which the status of a student in the classroom was socially constructed by the teacher and the attitudes of other students. In each case the student was considered as a "problem" in the classroom. It is noted that teachers appear to include in their…

For some time, the traditional stereotype of women which described them as gentle and dependent was considered normative and the concept that women were a unitary group dominated gender-role stereotype research. In contrast, the social cognitive approach described three subcategories of women: the housewife, the professional woman, and the sex…

This study identified the cognitive style (as defined by the construct of field independence/dependence) of prospective teachers at Eastern Kentucky University and identified instructional strategies reflective of the field independent/dependent dimension of cognitive style. In the 1984 Fall Semester the Group Embedded Figures Test was…

Because a review of literature revealed that no valid instrument for measuring a person's willingness to communicate existed, a willingness to communicate (WTC) instrument was developed. The basis of this construct is the assumption that willingness to communicate is a personality-based, trait-like predisposition which is fairly consistent across…

Type A behavior involves struggle for achievement, chronic time-urgency, and hostile aggression as opposed to Type B behavior, which is the absence of these behaviors. Type A behavior has been associated with the prevalence, recurrence, and future incidence of coronary heart disease. The attributions and achievement-relevant cognitions of 50 Type…

The purpose of this longitudinal project was to determine the influence of the family upon the early development and implementation of a gifted child's talent. Researchers examined two samples of exceptionally gifted boys and their families. One sample had cognitive scores within the 99th percentile in the mathematics-science domain; the other had…

For the past 10 summers a rural Ohio farm family, convinced of the merits of involving children in farm experiences and/or plant and animal care, has shared its farmstead with approximately 3,000 urban elementary school children. This paper discusses the impact of farm experiences on children's development, exploring rural community life among the…

The interaction between personality and social structure is one of the grand themes of both classical and contemporary social science. While different disciplines have addressed this issue from a variety of perspectives, within both sociology and psychology there are long standing research traditions that focus on the relationship between…

School psychologists may be asked to assess potentially violent adolescents. Research on predicting violence has demonstrated that: (1) most studies show poor predictive ability; (2) clinicians tend to overpredict violence; (3) prediction is difficult because the base rate is low; and (4) the best single predictor is past violent behavior. New…

Personality theory stresses the importance of communion with self to personal development. Since writing is a form of communion with self, researchers have begun looking for measurable differences in the personality development of writers and nonwriters. Several experiments have tended to confirm that writing has the potential to effect positive…

An investigation was made of the relationship between sex-role orientation (as measured by the Bem Sex Role Inventory) and responsiveness in infant care (as determined by observations on the Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale). Subjects participating in the study consisted of 44 father/infant dyads. It was hypothesized that androgynous fathers…