In the present study, students were able to correctly assess the triviality of generalized interpretations when asked to make that judgment. Thus, the student or client can provide valuable feedback to the clinician about his or her personality interpretations if the proper questions are asked. (Author)

This study was designed to examine the relative contribution of various factors to children's success or failure in achievement of early bladder control. Data was gathered on a representative sample of 161 kibbutz-born Israeli children beginning at age 1 and continuing over a 6-year period. (JMB)

Female alcohol and drug addicts (N=86) entering treatment took the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Women affirming the item "I believe women ought to have as much sexual freedom as men" were younger, had better visuospatial reasoning skills, and scored less pathologically on MMPI measures of depression, neurotic…

Studied discipline, social competence, sophistication, and religiosity in relation to eating, drinking, and smoking behaviors in young women. Supported discipline's general relevance to a broad range of behaviors. Social competence, sophistication, and religiosity moderated discipline's form of expression. The personality variables had stronger…

Used classification scheme developed by Marlatt and Gordon (1980) to categorize the highly tempting situations of 596 participants in smoking cessation programs. Relapsers had significantly more situations characterized by withdrawal symptoms and negative affect and fewer situations involving cigarette cues than did temporary lapsers and…

Assessed validity of the Personality Inventory for Children (PIC) using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) as criterion instruments. The cognitive triad of the PIC was minimally correlated with all intelligence quotient measures and significantly correlated only for reading and…

Studied 123 secondary school counselors and found significant correlations among tested personality characteristics and supervisor-rated job performance. Counselors rated as effective by supervisors expressed higher job satisfaction, tested higher in tolerance for ambiguity and in self-esteem, and had more congruent personality-environment Holland…

Compares two divorce prone men with two marriage phobic men. Marriage phobic men were fearful of getting married and used avoidance as a means of coping. Divorce prone were self-centered, hard driving, and reckless using acting out to manage conflict. Both groups were wary of the opposite sex and needed to be in control of relationships.…

Presents findings from the first phase of a study exploring creative activity and motivational interest of 75 rural older adults on a creative arts community program, home environment, and non-arts community senior programs. Focuses on profiles of creative older adults, indicating that older adults do not necessarily perceive a decline in creative…

The components underlying a variety of self-report measures of impulsivity were investigated, as well as the components underlying four behavioral measures involving reaction time, time estimation, and time production. Three broad factors were identified: carefree, spontaneous, and not persistent. Implications for measurement were discussed.…

Asserts that Western society has neglected its Yin dimension, the positive and creative aspects of tenderness, receptivity, compassion, understanding, surrender, and intuition and has overdeveloped its capacity to dominate, control, analyze, and rationalize. Describes how Western society has lost touch with real being which cannot be released as…

Addresses the relationship between teacher attitudes and teacher effectiveness. Discusses a local validation study of the Omaha Teacher Interview (OTI), a preemployment teacher selection device assessing attitudes and personality. Finds the relationship between OTI ratings and job performance positive but insufficient to justify basing selection…

Considers the following dimensions of attributional models: (1) responsibility for causes of problems, and (2) for solutions to problems. Finds a significant association between femininity and low internal attribution of responsibility for problem solving. Discusses results in terms of sex role and gender differences in help seeking. (Author/LHW)

Assessed degree to which anxiety, hostility, depression, and metamemory predicted recall performance on word list and prose passage. Results from 65 older and 65 younger adults indicated different patterns of personality predictors and some consistent metamemory predictors across tasks. Different measures of anxiety related differently to…

Patients with mild dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT), patients with major depression, and normal control subjects completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Digit Symbol test of incidental memory. Though mild DAT and depressed patients had equivalent deficits in psychomotor speed, DAT patients recalled fewer digit-symbol items.…