Developed a scale of Rape Attitudes (tolerance of rape) and validated a modified version of the Gough Socialization Scale. For university students and adolescents, males and females, tolerance of rape was associated with sexist attitudes toward heterosexual relationships. For male adolescents, tolerance of rape and sexist attitudes were associated…

Personality correlations between dominant and nondominant twins were investigated. For locus of control, the correlation was nonsignificant for identical twins but significant for fraternal twins. For moral development, the correlations were significant for both types of twins. Generally speaking, the relationship between parental personality and…

Outlines the procedures involved in the construction of the Canadian version of the Life Roles Inventory-Values Scale (Canadian Work Importance Study, 1986), developed in both French and English. Describes studies of the reliability (internal consistency, test-retest, and alternate form), and validity (construct, convergent, discriminant, and…

Discusses aspects of psychological testing as a job screening tool. Examines sampling errors, cumulative effect of bad tests, measurement of specific personality traits, test standards, using tests correctly, test validity, cut-off policies, demographic questions, and practical tips for taking such tests. (CT)

Outlines the therapeutic process in social skills training with 22 socially dysfunctional outpatients who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for avoidant personality disorder. Measured performance of prosocial target behaviors and associated subjective anxiety during baseline, treatment, and follow-up periods.…

Described sentence pairs representing Lakoff's "women's language" and corresponding "masculine" styles to examine gender stereotyping as a function of linguistic pattern usage. College students evaluated hypothetical male, female, or sex-unknown speakers on 31 bipolar adjective scales. Participants rated the nonfeminine linguistic style…

Psychometric properties of the Hopelessness Scale for Children (HSC) were evaluated with 834 normal adolescents and 93 adolescent suicide attempters. Positive correlations with depression and depressive attributional style were found for the suicide attempter group. These and other results are discussed in terms of the utility of the HSC. (JW)

The most effective college presidents are those whose leadership styles are dominant, decisive, and when appropriate, autocratic. The president has to believe profoundly in the intrinsic value of the college. (Author/MSE)

Administered the Eating Inventory and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) to smoking subjects assigned to cigarette abstinence or to continued smoking. Found abstinent smokers with high Disinhibition Scale scores overate more than did nonabstinent smokers or abstinent smokers with lower scores when participating in a subsequent ice cream tasting…

A shortened version of Zaichkowsky's 20-item Personal Involvement Inventory was created, removing four items which might be difficult to understand for noncollege-educated populations. The 16-item modified version had acceptable internal consistency; test-retest reliability; and factorial and predictive validity. (Author/GDC)

Examined extent to which infant-mother attachment could be predicted by mother interactional variables and infant proneness to distress. Meta-analysis indicated that sensitive, responsive maternal interaction predicted the security of attachment in Ainsworth and Wittig's "strange situation." Proneness to distress, a temperamental variable,…

Focuses on role of interpersonal influence as a curative factor in group psychotherapy. Emphasizes that self awareness gained through self-observation and feedback about how one is perceived and experienced by others in group, promotes change. Describes interdependent and reciprocal ways in which participants influence one another and evoke…

Used sociometric rating procedure to classify third and fifth grade boys (N=64) as peer-rejected. Standardized teacher ratings classified students as aggressive. Significant portion of rejected students were rated as highly aggressive. Aggressive rejected groups were rated as exhibiting lower achievement motivation and higher levels of hostile…

Research suggests that under stressful conditions, relative contribution of such intrapersonal factors as personality traits, motivational dynamic factors, and transitory emotional states may become predominant in influencing achievement. When analyses are based on change scores rather than single-occasion measures, influence of emotional states…

Newborn status, ratings of temperament, and experiential (parenting) antecedents of hyperactivity were evaluated in a longitudinal investigation. Experiential variables included maternal intrusive care, seductive behavior towards child, and overstimulation of child. (PCB)