The reduction of existing lexical items to shorter forms has generally been discussed under the headings of "acronyms,""back-formations," and "clippings." Two kinds of acronym are found, the letter-naming type (e.g. FBI, YMCA) and the letter-sounding type (e.g. UNESCO, CARE). The latter type must be pronounceable within the phonotactic norms of…

This book contains sets of basic objectives for elementary, middle, and high school language arts instruction that indicate the goals that the majority of students should achieve before high school graduation. Both exit objectives (to be mastered before high school graduation) and enabling objectives (specific behaviors/activities that help…

The Thompson Attitude Survey (TAS) was developed as a diagnostic tool to help teachers identify students with writing anxiety. Based upon the premise that writing anxiety is a fear of the writing process which outweighs the projected gain from the ability to write, the TAS is comprised of statements about the writing process and its consequences…

After a review of selected literature on individualized instruction and writing courses, learning objectives and activities are presented for a course in English composition, incorporating four sequential units which students complete at their own rate and for which only pass, fail, or incomplete grades are assigned. The first of these units…

THREE METHODS OF TEACHING READING, THE INITIAL TEACHING ALPHABET (ITA), THE DIACRITICAL MARKING SYSTEM (DMS), AND THE TRADITIONAL ORTHOGRAPHY (TO) METHOD WERE COMPARED IN 21 FIRST GRADES FOR THE THIRD YEAR. A FOLLOWUP STUDY WAS MADE OF THE NEW DMS GROUP FOR A SECOND YEAR. TWO HUNDRED NINETY-NINE STUDENTS OF AN ORIGINAL SAMPLE OF 393 STUDENTS WERE…

GREATER PRECISION IN THINKING AND IN PERSUADING THROUGH ARGUMENTATION ARE THE CONCERNS OF THESE TWO 11TH-GRADE UNITS. THE FIRST, "OPINION IN WRITING AND SPEAKING," ATTEMPTS TO GUIDE THE STUDENT TO A DEFINED OPINION OR THESIS AS A FIRST STEP TOWARDS EFFECTIVE, RATIONAL, SUSTAINED EXPRESSION. THIS UNIT CONTAINS FOUR LESSONS--(1) ARRIVING…

AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA, TEACHERS USE INSTRUCTION IN LANGUAGE AS THE BASIS FOR INSTRUCTION IN COMPOSITION AND LITERATURE. FOLLOWING THE PRINCIPLES OF FRANCIS CHRISTENSEN, THE TEACHERS CONCENTRATE FIRST ON THE WRITING OF SENTENCES, THEN ON WRITING PARAGRAPHS. THE FINAL WRITING AND STUDY OF WHOLE THEMES ILLUSTRATE THAT THE DEVICES WHICH CONTROL…

GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF TEACHERS OF ENGLISH IN BOTH THE SECONDARY AND ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS WERE FORMULATED FROM THE ENGLISH TEACHER PREPARATION STUDY, CONDUCTED JOINTLY BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF STATE DIRECTORS OF TEACHER EDUCATION AND CERTIFICATION, THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF TEACHERS OF ENGLISH, AND THE MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION. NOT…

ORANGE COUNTY FLORIDA'S ENGLISH GUIDE FOR GRADES SEVEN THROUGH TWELVE IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR ASPECTS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDY--(1) LISTENING, SPEAKING, VIEWING, (2) DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF THE LANGUAGE (INCLUDING GRAMMAR, WORD STUDY, AND USAGE), (3) READING AND LITERATURE, AND (4) WRITING. EACH SECTION DELINEATES OBJECTIVES, CONCEPTS, ATTITUDES,…

A STUDY OF FIVE DIFFERENT ESSAY EVALUATION PROCEDURES WAS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE THE INTRARELIABILITY OF EACH AND TO USE THESE RELIABILITY SCORES AS A BASIS FOR COMPARING THE FIVE PROCEDURES. TEN THEMES WERE ASSIGNED TO FIVE RATING GROUPS, EACH USING A DIFFERENT EVALUATION PROCEDURE--(1) THE CALIFORNIA ESSAY SCALE, (2) THE CLEVELAND COMPOSITION…

FOLLOWING THE FORMAT OF "MODERN CHINESE FOR THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, FIRST YEAR," WHICH INTRODUCED IN YALE ROMANIZATION THE BASIC SPEECH SOUNDS AND SIMPLE SPEECH PATTERNS OF SPOKEN MANDARIN CHINESE, THIS VOLUME PRESENTS NEW AND MORE COMPLICATED SPEECH PATTERNS AND EXTENDED VOCABULARY AS WELL AS A SIMPLIFIED INTRODUCTION TO THE WRITING…

THE SEVENTH-GRADE STUDENT PACKET, PRODUCED BY THE NEBRASKA CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT CENTER, BEGINS WITH THE UNIT ENTITLED "THE MAKING OF STORIES" IN WHICH STUDENTS CONSIDER WRITERS' AUDIENCES AND METHODS OF COMPOSITION AND PRESENTATION. SUCH MATERIAL AS "A CHRISTMAS CAROL" AND SELECTIONS FROM "THE…

THE NEBRASKA ENGLISH CURRICULUM FOR GRADE NINE FOCUSES ON THE CONCEPT OF GENRE AND ACCOMPANYING LITERARY ATTITUDES AND DEVICES. SATIRE, COMEDY, AND THE EPIC ARE THE SUBJECTS OF THE LITERARY PROGRAM. LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION STUDIES, BUILDING UPON EIGHTH-GRADE LANGUAGE HISTORY AND SYNTAX UNITS, CENTER ON GEOGRAPHIC AND SOCIAL DIALECTS, PHONOLOGY,…

THE LITERATURE PROGRAM OF THE GRADE 12 STUDENT PACKET OF THE NEBRASKA ENGLISH CURRICULUM CONSISTS OF A SELECTIVE SURVEY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE FROM THE RENAISSANCE TO THE 20TH CENTURY. IT BEGINS WITH A UNIT ON SHAKESPEAREAN TRAGEDY IN WHICH STUDENTS READ REVENGE TRAGEDIES--SENECA'S "THYESTES" AND KYD'S "THE SPANISH TRAGEDY"--AS…

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TWOFOLD--(1) TO FIND WHAT LOGICAL HABITS AND ABILITIES POSSESSED BY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN WERE DEMONSTRATED IN THE PERFORMANCE OF COMPOSITIONAL TASKS, AND (2) TO COMPARE THE WRITTEN COMPOSITIONS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN WHO HAD STUDIED UNDER THE NEBRASKA CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT CENTER'S LANGUAGE ARTS PROGRAM…