University security officers (n=34) played a simulation game designed to evaluate emergent leadership in a problem-solving situation. Both facilitative leadership style and individual creative contribution were found to make significant contributions to group members' perceptions of leadership. Implications are drawn for personnel selection,…

Indicates Chinese students have a high level of consensus in regarding overt unwelcome physical contact and coercive sexuality as sexual harassment. A small percentage of respondents classified sexist and misogynistic behaviors, pressure for dates, and unsolicited disclosure of personal and emotional feelings as sexually harassing. Women had…

Administered College Maladjustment scale from revised Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory to college students in personal counseling (n=27), in vocational counseling (n=39), and on scholarship (n=27). Results indicated that, as predicted, students in personal counseling condition scored significantly higher than students in other…

Examined a variety of factors associated with worker "burnout." Subjects were 188 child care workers in predominantly rural areas of Pennsylvania. Results indicated that neuroticism, work role conflict, and work role ambiguity were positively associated with higher levels of burnout, whereas high levels of organizational commitment were…

Eighty orienteers, divided into three groups according to level of expertise in orienteering, completed questionnaires measuring extraversion, neuroticism, trait anxiety, social desirability, need for achievement, and locus of control. Subject interviews revealed individual styles of coping with precompetitive stress. A combination of high sport…

Finds that African American college students actively processed information more and were more analytic than similar high school students. Finds that Caucasian American males in college were more people-oriented, Caucasian American female college students placed more emphasis on creativity, and Caucasian American college students were less…

Examined associations among parents' characteristics, prenatal expectations for and postpartum perceptions of infant temperament, and observers' ratings of temperament. Found that parents shared expectations for infant's emotional expressivity but differed in expectation for predictability and adaptability. Parent's postpartum ratings of…

A general linear latent trait model for continuous item responses is described. The special unidimensional case for continuous item response is the model of K. G. Joreskog (1971) of congeneric item response. The correspondence between models for continuous and dichotomous item responses is shown to be closer than usually supposed. (SLD)

Eminent Canadian women (n=197) provided their perceptions of their parents' characteristics. The women generally saw their parents as encouraging, supportive, achievement-oriented, and not particularly controlling. Most identified their mother as the most influential person in their lives. Results support the idea that there are multiple pathways…

This essay argues that humans are capable of a large number of affect states; a distinction should be made among acute emotions, chronic moods, and temperamental vulnerabilities to a particular emotion state; and research on human effects will profit from a return to, and reinterpretation of, Sigmund Freud's suggestion of unconscious affect…

Tests the effectiveness of senior educational administrators' efforts to cope with stress in a decentralizing Australian state education department of over 2,000 schools employing 60,000 professional staff members. Presents general findings of a self-report, coping-strategies questionnaire and reveals some significant relationships among general…

Validates a behavior inventory that was developed to measure the physical and psychological abuse of women by their partners. For the study, 100 men and 78 women were divided into groups of abusers/abused and nonabusers/nonabused. Significant differences between the abusers and nonabusers groups' scores supported the instrument's soundness. (RJM)

Three investigations examined the contributions of a history of choosing attitudinally relevant situations to attitude-behavior relations. Results point to an interrelated set of mechanisms, such as behavior, by which situational choice is linked to attitude-behavior relations. By choosing attitudinally relevant situations, individuals increase…

Presents results of a study which interviewed sixth graders from three North Carolina schools to determine what they think of their school librarians. Results indicated that children's perceptions are affected by personalities and behavior of individual librarians. Sidebars focus on how the study was conducted and what students noticed most about…

Examined the self-understanding and moral judgment of 15 African American and Hispanic American adolescents nominated by community leaders for their exemplary caring behavior. These "care exemplars" were more likely than comparison adolescents to describe themselves in terms of moral personality traits and goals and to view themselves as…