This essay examines the relationship of cognitive science, especially linguistics, to the development of the human mind, self, and intelligence. Linguistics is seen to contribute a complex computational ability to the sense of free will. Also considered as part of the integrated self are intuition, athletic intelligence, intellectual diversity,…

Reviews a tenure case involving a visiting female assistant professor at the University of Baltimore's Merrick School of Business. Up for early tenure review, she was rejected due to personality differences (an unstated tenure criterion). She lost in the courts, which increasingly disdain individual collegiality and First Amendment claims. (MLH)

Investigated the relationships of self-efficacy (via the Holland themes) to dimensions of personal style and personality. Examined correlations (1) Skills Confidence Inventory (SCI); (2) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator; and (3) Strong Interest Inventory. Findings support the validity of the SCI and, therefore, of all three instruments. (Author/EMK)

Reports the development of a paragraph-descriptor short form of the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP); (L. Clark, 1993) with self- and other versions. Data from 294 college students, with parental ratings for 94 students, support the reliability and validity of the measure. (SLD)

Describes the theoretical orientations that frame current understanding about the development of self and the social processes that may shape it. Components of the self are discussed, and current thinking about their development in infancy and toddlerhood is described. The role of temperament is also addressed. (Author/CR)

Exploring cognitive school leadership elements, this study uses a set of 1200 U.S. principals and employs an earlier validated set of five leadership cognitions drawn from psychologists in educational administration. Regression analysis suggests these cognitions exist independently of many social and personal qualities typifying principals and are…

Literature review provides list of risk factors associated with violent behaviors in adolescents. Identifies protective factors that have the potential to protect youth from violent lifestyles. Suggests approaches for prevention and describes recommendations for action: early prevention; identification; individualized assessment; trained…

A study of three Polish groups (71 managers, 107 marketing/management students, 75 English-language students) showed that the psychological type distributions of managers and marketing/management students were similar to each other and to U.S. samples. English-language students' types were nearly the opposite and were similar to U.S. liberal arts…

Learning style preferences of 1,554 students (ages 8-17) identified as gifted and nongifted were measured. Gifted students displayed a stronger preference for imaginative styles, while nongifted children displayed a stronger preference for practical styles. Compared with gifted boys, gifted girls were more likely to prefer imaginative styles.…

Examined differences between academically talented female high school students who were not at risk (n=24) , and similar resilient at-risk students (n=17) on individual and environmental risk and protective factors. Hypotheses that the two groups would differ on risk factors, but not protective factors, were generally supported, suggesting a…

A junior high school teacher shares the story of a childhood dominated by poverty, family alcoholism, sexual and physical victimization, and haphazard school attendance. Surviving these traumatic experiences (and a teen pregnancy) was not easy. This teacher's background enables her to unearth covering-up strategies used by children trying to…

Although educators can do little to change students' out-of-school environments, they can use inhouse suspension time to help them behave more responsibly and become more resilient in handling daily pressures. The adult in charge should assume the role of a supportive resource, establish a personal connection with students, listen, take interest,…

Explored the issue of learning environments in college classrooms using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator to determine teacher personality type and the Secondary Colleges Classroom Environment Inventory to examine student and teacher assessment of classroom environments. Both groups shared similar perceptions of classroom learning environments in…

Management-development programs will lose strategic impact without attention to higher enabling competencies or "meta-abilities" such as multiple perspective taking, self-knowledge, emotional resilience, and personal drive. (SK)

Developmental Counseling and Therapy offers an approach to the fourth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders classification systems that enables the reframing of severe client distress as a logical response to developmental history. Specific suggestions for positive case management and practice, multicultural issues, etiology, and…