This technical report describes the development of oral reading fluency passages for use in the CBMSkills assessment system. Seventeen passages were created for each of Grades 1 through 5. Passages were designed to target the fluency component of a developmental model of reading. All passages were written with the specification to use language and…

A court decision in California, Larry P. v. Riles (1979) case, ruled in favor of African American students who were disproportionately and wrongly placed in special education (E.M.R. -- educable mentally retarded) classes. Standardized intelligence tests were biased, discriminatory and failed to identify the academic need to support African…

Purpose: A sublime social attitude ("brahmavihara") has been identified as a crucial aspect of Buddhist Education (BE) for fostering prosocial behavior. Therefore, this study aims to construct and establish the validity of a sublime social attitude scale for prospective teachers of BE, as well as to detect social desirability bias (SDB).…

In this article, we examine eighth graders' incorrect responses to a specific task on a national standardized assessment of mathematics. The task asked students to write the formula for the perimeter of a given figure as a function of a variable. We focus on incorrect responses to better understand students' difficulties with the algebraic…

With high stakes testing in public schools, pressure for success prompts schools to implement intervention programs for reading and mathematics, often at the expense of extra-curricular and elective activities. Previous literature indicated a correlation between reading comprehension and mathematical understanding. This study examined the specific…

Accountability in education was implemented to improve poor learning outcomes by documenting and monitoring learning achievement results. In this process, external standardized achievement tests have played a central role, being the mechanism most frequently used to measure learning outcomes. However, several decades after its initial…

The use of mixed-format tests made up of multiple-choice (MC) items and constructed response (CR) items is popular in large-scale testing programs, including the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and many district- and state-level assessments in the United States. Rater effects, or raters' scoring tendencies that result in…

Rating scale development in the field of language assessment is often considered in dichotomous ways: It is assumed to be guided either by expert intuition or by drawing on performance data. Even though quite a few authors have argued that rating scale development is rarely so easily classifiable, this dyadic view has dominated language testing…

Test-taking strategies are discussed in the literature as an important factor affecting test scores and are recommended to be taken into consideration regarding the validity of tests. Although studies have been conducted for more than a quarter century, no agreement has been reached on the dimensions of test-taking strategies. The purpose of this…

Standardized assessments are widely used to determine access to educational resources with important consequences for later economic outcomes in life. However, many design features of the tests themselves may lead to psychological reactions influencing performance. In particular, the level of difficulty of the earlier questions in a test may…

In this research, structural equation modeling and TIMSS data were employed to examine the impact of school belonging on math achievement among secondary students in Japan, Korea, and the United States, with a focus on the roles of math attitude and disorderly behavior. Utilizing SmartPLS 4.0, the study delved into the reliability and validity of…

Scientific inquiry ability is closely related to the process of hands-on inquiry practice. However, its assessment is often separated from this practice due to the limitation of technical basis and labor cost. The development of multimodal data analysis provides a new opportunity to realize automated assessment based on hands-on practice.…

Purpose: The present study aimed to validate the Indonesian-language version of the psychological capital questionnaire (PCQ), specifically within the context of higher education, by utilising Rasch analysis to evaluate the reliability and validity aspect such as item-fit statistics, rating scale function, and differential item functioning of the…

This research examined the writing difficulties faced by Thai students taking the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) Academic Writing module. The study examined error patterns in IELTS Writing Tasks to highlight how English writing proficiency impacts international university admission prospects. Despite universities commonly…

Extensive research has been conducted on the effects of flipped learning on student outcomes and perceptions, however, little empirical evidence has been provided on its psycholinguistic effects, particularly in foreign language learning anxiety. This study investigated the impact of the flipped classroom method on English as a Foreign Language…