This guidebook was designed to familiarize educational practitioners--teachers, developers, counselors, administrators--with several concepts of motivation and methods of measuring them. Six concepts, or approaches, that are particularly relevant to understanding motivation in education are considered: achievement motivation, locus of control,…

The use of ratings of children by judges is pervasive in the area of father absence research. The interpretation of such ratings, though, is not always straightforward. The possibility that teacher ratings of children may indicate a stereotype on the part of teachers was investigated by showing 30 teachers a videotape that focused on the social…

The temporal patterning of speech, primarily within the context of interpersonal exchanges, is traced in this cross-section of research exploring the major directions such studies have taken. Eighteen authors contributed selections to support the thesis that time as a dimension of speech reflects many of the important processes that occur during…

Research on personality and aging has been limited by several factors, including nomethetic assumptions about traits; overreliance on morale scales as measures of adaptation; and the confounding of cohort, time of measurement and age effects. An idiographic approach, which focuses on traits that individuals subjectively feel as important, may help…

These five papers present a compact summary of current biological, behavioral and psychosocial research on cigarette smoking behavior. They focus especially on the addictive and dependence processes related to smoking and its effects on health. While much is known, recommendations for further research are suggested on topics including: nicotine,…

This bibliography represents the third in a series of three dealing with employment of homosexuals, to be published by the Ontario Ministry of Labour Library. All asterisked titles deal with the employment problems of and discrimination against homosexuals. This bibliography is concerned with homosexuality in the specific fields of the arts, the…

Two studies were conducted to compare certain characteristics of high school students in Hawaii who take part in forensic activities with those not involved and also to compare groups of the forensic participants with each other. Three instruments were used: the Predisposition Toward Verbal Behavior Scale, the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations…

If research on personality is to be productive and progressive, it is necessary to make objectives explicit and to link abstractions with common experiences. Six levels of classification outline these objectives. Level 1 involves the characterization and classification of persons. Level 2 studies attributes. Level 3 is concerned with inferred…

Research has shown television characters to be overwhelmingly portrayed as sex-stereotyped. Recently, however, more unstereotyped characters have been introduced into television programming. It was hypothesized that college-age subjects, when presented with prime-time characters pre-rated as examples of stereotyped and unstereotyped portrayals,…

A LONGITUDINAL STUDY WAS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE STUDENT CHANGE IN CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY, ATTITUDES IN STEREOTYPY, AND VALUE ORIENTATION WHILE IN AN INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION. CHANGES THAT OCCURRED WITH RESPECT TO THESE THREE CHARACTERISTICS WERE EXAMINED FROM 1 YEAR TO THE NEXT FOR 4 YEARS. STUDENT BACKGROUNDS, SUBJECT INTERESTS,…

THE STRUCTURAL AND DYNAMIC IMPLICATIONS OF DEALING WITH ADOLESCENT PROBLEMS AS A NORMAL PART OF LIFE, RATHER THAN IN TERMS OF PATHOLOGY, INCLUDE THE AIM OF INTERVENTION, THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY, THE DESIRE FOR INTRAPSYCHIC CHANGE, THE ADOLESCENT PERSONALITY AND PROBLEMS, THE PERSON'S PERCEPTION OF HIS ROLE, THE STRUCTURE OF THE THERAPEUTIC…

SMALL-GROUP DISCUSSION, TO TRAIN MEMBERS TO WORK AS A LEARNING TEAM, WAS USED TO INVESTIGATE CHANGES IN CLOSED MINDEDNESS, ANXIETY, AND SELF CONCEPT. SEVENTEEN MALE LABOR UNION MEMBERS ENROLLED IN A TWELVE WEEK RESIDENT LABOR EDUCATION PROGRAM AT INDIANA UNIVERSITY, WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO A EXPERIMENTAL GROUP WHICH ATTENDED A TWELVE WEEK, TWO…

THIS ARTICLE AND ITS SUPPLEMENT PRESENT THE RESULTS OF A SURVEY OF DIFFERENCES IN VALUES AND ASPIRATIONS OF BOYS RESIDING ON FARMS, IN RURAL NONFARM AND VILLAGE AREAS, AND IN SMALL URBAN AREAS OF LENAWEE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. THE DATA INCLUDE SEVERAL WORK-RELATED VALUE ORIENTATIONS, AS WELL AS EDUCATIONAL AND OCCUPATIONAL ASPIRATIONS OF THE 17-YEAR…

THE FOCUS IS ON PERSONALITY TRAITS OF YOUNG CHILDREN WHO ACHIEVE IN SCHOOL DESPITE ENVIRONMENTAL HANDICAPS. THE SUBJECTS WERE TEN "GOOD" AND TEN "POOR" ACHIEVERS FROM THE FOURTH GRADE IN A SCHOOL LOCATED IN A SEVERELY DEPRESSED URBAN AREA. THE CHILDREN WERE CHOSEN ON THE BASIS OF ACHIEVEMENT SCORES AND TEACHER RECOMMENDATIONS.…

GRADE REPETITION, PARTICULARLY IN THE EARLY GRADES, NOT ONLY FAILS TO HELP THE MAJORITY OF PUPILS ACADEMICALLY, BUT IN MANY CASES, CREATES ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS. FACTORS INVOLVED IN A STUDENT'S FAILURE VARY FROM SCHOOL TO SCHOOL. THE MAJOR PROBLEMS OF GRADE REPETITION ARE THAT THE STUDENT IS OLDER AND LARGER THAN HIS CLASSMATES, AND THAT HIS…