Since the identification of self-handicapping strategies in 1978, considerable attention has been paid to this phenomenon. Self-handicapping is a strategy for discounting ability attributions for probable failure while augmenting ability attributions for possible success. Behavioral self-handicaps are conceptually distinct from self-reported…

A study was conducted to investigate congruency between college students' vocational interests and their chosen academic major as an implementation of their self-concept. Of the 248 randomly selected college juniors and seniors who received the study instruments the response rate was 76% (188 responses). The instruments used were the Strong…

Performance aspects of three samples (N=58) of students enrolled in computer science literacy courses for educators were studied. The person-environment congruence concept of Holland's model of vocational behavior was used to predict class performance. The model uses a classification system which arranges six vocational types in a hexagonal…

The purpose of this paper is to review and synthesize the literature on adult development and to suggest how this information can be applied to the practice of adult education. The first section discusses the nature of adult development, its definition, and key concepts. Sequential patterns of change in adulthood are examined in section 2,…

The cultural universal hypothesis of cognitive development theory, as developed by Piaget and elaborated by Kohlberg, assumes that all individuals, regardless of culture, progress through the same series of six invariant stages in the development of moral judgment. The stages of moral development are transformations in the form of structure of…

This study of student teachers' reflective abilities defines reflecting about teaching as the capability and willingness of prospective teachers to question and critically analyze their teaching and teaching experiences. In discussing differences between student teachers in psychological and personal dimensions, the characteristics examined were:…

This study examined whether sex, empathy, or social skill is the better predictor of self-reported support behavior and perceptions. Research has shown that certain personality traits have a differential effect on the amount of support a person receives. Previous research has also show that females report receiving more support and needing more…

Findings from three studies that used a laboratory procedure to assess individual differences in various dimensions of infant temperament in relation to later Brazelton scores are presented. Participants included 59 healthy, full-term and sick, preterm infants. The sick, preterm infants included infants who developed respiratory or neurological…

The relatively simple question of whether sex differences exist has evolved into the more theoretically interesting question of why sex differences occur. This transition has come about because of the meta-analytic investigations of sex differences in social behavior which established sex difference trends in a variety of social behaviors. Many…

Two measures of the "world hypotheses" of Stephen Pepper were mailed to 100 sociobiologists, 87 behaviorists, 79 personality psychologists, and 45 human developmentalists. The World Hypothesis Scale (WHS) was designed to measure Pepper's four world views: (1) formism; (2) mechanism; (3) organicism; and (4) contextualism. The…

Although the idea of androgynous leadership has been discussed frequently in the management literature, little empirical evidence has been accumulated to support a conceptual integration. Results of preliminary research support the hypothesis that sex-role orientation is a better predictor of leadership behavior than is biological sex. This study…

Studies tested the hypothesis that patterns in parents' perceptions of their children's behavior toward them will correlate significantly with patterns in parents' reports of their children's personality attributes and psychopathology. A low-income (LI) sample was drawn from participants in a longitudinal study of mother-child interaction and…

The article examines ways to differentiate the material used in a reading program for gifted students (birth to age 9). Suggested books are provided for the following categories that correspond to recognized characteristics of gifted children: vocabulary (quality retellings of folk tales, word play, poetry, satire, and nuances of language);…

Urban and rural third graders were studied to test the hypothesis that children's self-reported views of their ability to cope with the environment and their teacher's views of their performance patterns in adaptation and intrapersonal growth would have correlations with academic test performance. Teacher appraisals of adaptation covered…

While some people have difficulty adjusting to retirement, others seem to adjust easily. The search for theory to explain the source of positive retirement may require research methods to develop theory rather than to test theory. Grounded theory methodology was used to determine the characteristics and sources of characteristics of adults who had…