The "back to basics" movement raises questions regarding the nature of reading that is assumed in instruction and testing. Of the three definitions of reading (decoding, meaning-from-page, and intellectual processes) the latter view, which sees reading as a broad range of perceptual, associative, and cognitive elements, is preferred. The…

The oral reading miscue patterns of 26 normal students in grades one, two, and three were compared with those of 26 educable mentally retarded students from primary, intermediate, and junior high school classes. Intelligence quotients ranged from 94 to 137 for the normal students and from 50 to 80 for the retarded students. During the testing…

The study surveyed 80 young adults (50 male, 30 female) referred through I.E.P.A. (Individualized Educational Program for Adults) for students with learning problems who wish to acquire preemployment skills and/or to improve their vocational status by upgrading their educational level. The pre- and postassessment was conducted in the areas of word…

Approaches that appear most effective for teaching beginning reading to children who are having difficulty learning to read are discussed in this paper. Research indicates that a code-emphasis method produces the best results. To determine which type of code instruction is most appropriate, reading programs were analyzed in terms of content,…

This booklet contains over 35 sample student activities designed by teachers to support the development of prerequisite skills for reading comprehension and to offer opportunities for mastery learning. Activities are suggested in the areas of letter/sound relationships, word recognition, experiential concept development, cognitive concept…

Proposals currently being debated for a reform of the examination system at 18+ in England and Wales, and comments on the proposals, are presented to aid in future planning of language courses in Northern Ireland. The context in which the new proposals arose is briefly examined. The following three standard course proposals are diagrammed for…

This manual for the Marianas Test of English Achievement (MTEA) provides a description of the tests, directions for administration and scoring, a discussion of the interpretation of scores, and norms based on all 1,780 children in grades 6 through 9 in the Northern Marianas Islands in October 1977 and May 1978. There are two equivalent forms of…

Central to the process of reading comprehension is the use of questions and discussions in the classroom in order to direct and to evaluate a student's level of understanding of the materials read. Researchers estimate that approximately 70% of teaching involves the technique of questioning students. It is important that teachers do more than ask…

This bibliography of articles, books, and ERIC documents on the teaching of reading in foreign language classes is intended for university content reading specialists, reading coordinators and consultants, secondary and university foreign language teachers, and methodologists in foreign language education. More than 95 sources are listed in the…

Intended for use in inservice workshops for health and physical education teachers, this guide contains suggestions designed to help these teachers integrate the teaching of reading skills into their curricula. Sample activities are provided to demonstrate how the physical education teacher can use different methods and strategies to help students…

This manual for administrators and teachers describes The Reading Tests for New York State Elementary Schools. The tests, utilizing the Degrees of Reading Power methodology, are designed to measure the most difficult prose text a student can read with comprehension, and are administered to all sixth grade students as part of the Pupil Evaluation…

THE THREE LEVELS NECESSARY FOR SKILL IN CRITICAL READING ARE (1) LITERAL MEANING, (2) INTERPRETATION, AND (3) ASSIMILATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL INTEGRATION. TO RENDER JUDGMENTS AND EVALUATIONS OF VARIOUS READINGS, THE CRITICAL READER MUST DETERMINE THE WORTH, VALIDITY, AND QUALITY OF THE TEXT. HE TRIES TO MAINTAIN OBJECTIVITY, ATTEMPTS TO FIND THE…

The general purposes of this study were to investigate the factorial validity of the Comprehensive Tests of Basic Skills (CTBS), Reading Comprehension subtest, and to study the item difficulties in order to determine areas of strengths and weaknesses of sixth and seventh grade Elementary Secondary Education Act (ESEA) Title I students. A sample of…

The approximately 500 entries in this third edition of an annotated bibliography were drawn from the professional literature relating to linguistics, psycholinguistics, and reading. Entries are arranged ln the following categories: (1) beginning reading; (2) comprehension, semantics, and meaning; (3) curriculum; (4) language differences such as…

This booklet is a teacher's guide to using the Detroit Objective Referenced Tests (DORT), a systems approach to reading instruction that matches instructional strategies to student needs. The materials are offered in two sections for elementary and middle school implementation. Decoding and comprehension materials are discussed for both…