Contends that Gresham et al. (previous article, this issue) are not alone in their criticism of the new definition of mental retardation, and states that it a politically expedient revision. Taking the philosophical approach in the new definition appears to run counter to years of research on theories of intelligence, and increases the risk of…

Comments on the new 1992 American Association of Mental Retardation definition of mental retardation, including its effects on research, clinical practice, and perceptions about the disability. The new definition will undoubtedly increase confusion among researchers as to the definition of the population they are studying. Additionally, the…

Relations between infant information processing and specific cognitive outcomes at age 11 years were examined in a sample of preterm and full-term infants. Seven-month visual recognition memory and 1-year cross-modal transfer predicted 11-year intelligence quotient (IQ). (MDM)

Discusses the current use of simulation and gaming in a variety of settings. Describes advances in technology that facilitate the use of simulation and gaming, including computer power, computer networks, software, object-oriented programming, video, multimedia, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence. Considers the future use of simulation…

Evaluation of mean score differences between the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (Fourth Edition) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Revised) (WISC-R) for 126 children with academic difficulties found the Stanford-Binet composite score was significantly higher than the WISC-R score at the lower end of the ability continuum but…

First- and second-round commentaries on an article by L. Guttman are presented. The following authors responded, with two articles each: (1) E. E. Roskam and J. Ellis; (2) P. H. Schonemann; (3) A. R. Jensen; (4) J. C. Loehlin; and (5) J.-E. Gustafsson. (SLD)

This study, with 93 third grade poor readers, 54 fifth grade poor readers (with and without reading/IQ discrepancies), and 147 nondisabled first graders, found poor readers significantly more impaired than the matched first graders on all measures of nonword reading thus supporting the hypothesis of a deficit in nonword reading skills not…

Trends in mechanical translation are reviewed briefly, and difficulties in selecting appropriate equivalencies are cited. Decisions dependent upon real world knowledge rather than dictionary equivalents and grammar are illustrated. (15 references) (LB)

Investigated hypotheses generated by Gudjonsson and Clark model of interrogative suggestibility. Adolescent boys (n=40) completed Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale and measures of intellectual skills, memory, field-dependence, hostility, and attitudes toward persons in authority. Suggestibility correlated negatively with intelligence quotient and…

Major presumptions that underlie the use of early intelligence tests are presented and disputed, centering on the construct of early intelligence, reliability, prediction, standardized administration, professional acceptability, utility for decision making, and congruence with Public Law 99-457. Professional solidarity is urged in opposing the…

Dissatisfied with mandated standardized assessment modes, an Illinois elementary school began an alternative assessment program incorporating Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. The assessment process became more meaningful through using learning experience forms and "portfolio evenings," in which children present their…

Estimated cognitive resources in nondemented older adults (n=165; ages 60-100+). Five clusters of results were found concerning age differences, the role of everyday experiences, influence of physical and mental health on cognitive performance, personality and cognitive factors, and levels of intelligence and affect. Concluded that cognitive…

Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) were administered in counterbalanced order to 35 referred students. Although K-BIT intelligence quotient (IQ) Composite correlated significantly with WISC-R Full Scale IQ scores, mean scores differed significantly. Results provide moderate support…

Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test 3 models of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (2-, 3-, and 4-factor conceptualizations) for 11 age groups with 200 subjects per age group. The four-factor model is somewhat supported, but its theoretical or clinical importance is unclear. (SLD)

The cognitive-science perspective has radically transformed theory and research in psychology, anthropology, and other fields and has dislodged firmly entrenched behaviorist theories and practices. Cognitive psychology's contribution to educational measurement lies not in new-found assessment methods, but in a richer conception of knowledge and…