The juridical climate now supports the position that all students are entitled to public schooling. Public schools have a responsibility not only to educate or train the retarded to achieve their potentialities, but to increase those potentialities, i.e., raise their intelligence levels. (Author/BJG)

Discusses how one's conception of intelligence and its development profoundly affects the formulation of educational objectives. A mechanistic conception of intelligence leads to the definition of objectives as a collection of fragmented "cognitive skills", while a Piagetian conception attempts to develop children's intelligence as an…

Results support the state-trait distinction in anxiety research. For two different samples, three separate A-State factors emerged, each associated with different occasions of measurement that were associated with differing amounts of situational stress. (Author/BJG)

Prompted by William W. Brickman's 20-year-old article, "Essentialism Ten Years After, School and Society, 67:361-362, May 15, 1948.

Paper presented at the 1967 Annual Convocation of the Educational Research Association of New York State, November 13, 1967.