This research aims to examine the effect of semantic encoding strategy instruction on students' near and far transfer performances in e-learning environments. The research was performed by experimental design. Dependent variables of the research were near and far transfer performances. Independent variable was strategy instruction on encoding.…

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has the potential to revolutionize the education sector. This study sought to determine the efficacy of ChatGPT to correctly answer questions a learner would use and to elucidate how the AI was processing potential prompts. Our goal was to evaluate the role of prompt formats, response consistency, and…

This study presents a conceptual replication of Birulés et al.'s (2020, Experiment 2) investigation of native and nonnative listeners' selective attention to a talker's mouth with the goal of better understanding the potentially modulating role of proficiency in listeners' reliance on audiovisual speech cues. Listeners' eye gaze was recorded while…

There is a long-standing gap in literacy achievement between African American and European American students (e.g., NAEP, 2019, 2022). A large body of research has examined different factors that continue to reinforce performance differences across students. One variable that has been a long-term interest to sociolinguists and applied scientists…

Words have meanings vastly undetermined by the contexts in which they occur. Their acquisition therefore presents formidable problems of induction. Lila Gleitman and colleagues have advocated for one part of a solution: indirect evidence for a word's meaning may come from its syntactic distribution, via syntactic bootstrapping. But while formal…

Pedagogical agents (PAs) are a crucial aspect of the e-learning environment. A PA is defined as a virtual character presented on an interface, and they are designed to promote student learning. PAs have been widely discussed in academic papers. However, an appropriate analysis framework has not been proposed because of the diversity and complexity…

Insight and intuition are important concepts in creativity research and creative behavior with applications in a wide variety of professional and business domains. Understanding and articulating their similarities and differences is important theoretically and practically. Researchers and practitioners can benefit from the application of new…

This study aimed to investigate the effects of feedback types and opportunities to change answers on the learners' achievement and their ability to solve physics problems. We compared three feedback types, namely (1) static feedback with hints, (2) reducing feedback with hints, and (3) knowledge of response, and two types of opportunities to…

People miss a high proportion of targets that only appear rarely. This low prevalence (LP) effect has implications for applied search tasks such as the clinical reading of mammograms. Computer aided detection (CAD) has been used to help radiologists search mammograms by highlighting areas likely to contain a cancer. Previous research has found a…

Local protein synthesis at synapses can provide a rapid supply of proteins to support synaptic changes during consolidation of new memories, but its role in the maintenance or updating of established memories is unknown. Consolidation requires new protein synthesis in the period immediately following learning, whereas established memories are…

The in-out effect refers to the tendency that novel words whose consonants follow an inward-wandering pattern (e.g., P-T-K) are rated more positively than stimuli whose consonants follow an outward-wandering pattern (e.g., K-T-P). While this effect appears to be reliable, it is not yet clear to what extent it generalizes to existing words in a…

Purpose: Persons with unilateral brain damage in the right hemisphere (RH) or left hemisphere (LH) show limitations in processing linguistic prosody, with yet inconclusive results on their ability to process prosodically marked structural boundaries for syntactic ambiguity resolution. We aimed at systematically investigating production and…

Mind-wandering (MW) is a universal cognitive process that is estimated to comprise [approximately] 30% of our everyday thoughts. Despite its prevalence, the functional utility of MW remains a scientific blind spot. The present study sought to investigate whether MW serves a functional role in cognition. Specifically, we investigated whether MW…

Infants at elevated likelihood of developing autism display differences in sensory reactivity, especially hyporeactivity, as early as 7 months of age, potentially contributing to a developmental cascade of autism symptoms. Caregiver responsiveness, which has been linked to positive social communication outcomes, has not been adequately examined…

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe changes in speech intelligibility and interrater and intrarater reliability of naive listeners' ratings of words produced by young children diagnosed with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) over a period of motor-based intervention (dynamic temporal and tactile cueing [DTTC]). Method: A total of 120…