A conceptualization of multiple-choice exams in terms of signal detection theory (SDT) leads to simple measures of item difficulty and item discrimination that are closely related to, but also distinct from, those used in classical item analysis (CIA). The theory defines a "true split," depending on whether or not examinees know an item,…

Evidence suggests that active engagement with material as it is being taught improves learning. In-class multiple choice questions are a common way to introduce active learning. Low-stakes writing is another. The author of this article provides evidence that using a content-based low-stakes writing prompt with immediate group feedback during the…

The present experiment explored the independent effects of refutations and summaries to prevent student misunderstandings when learning from an introductory psychology text on cognitive dissonance. Explicitly presenting and refuting a common misconception about cognitive dissonance did not improve performance on comprehension questions that…

This research is quantitative research to determine the effect of using the Discovery Learning model to assist animation video on the critical thinking skills of students grade XI on the digestive system. The research method used is Quasi Experiment with a Non-equivalent Control Group Design and used purposive sampling. The research instruments…

Reading is a complicated cognitive procedure of deciphering symbols to create meaning. It's a complicated relationship that the reader has with the text and is lead by a reader's previous knowledge, experiences, attitude, and culture. Second language (L2) reading comprehension is perhaps a more complicated procedure and there's a need to ensure…

Anatomy and physiology courses are foundational in nursing education but are often perceived as challenging due to heavy content load. Innovative teaching methods, including social media platforms like Instagram Reels, may enhance student engagement and learning. In this quasi-experimental pre-post-test design with a control group, we examined the…

This study investigated the test fairness of the translation section of a large-scale English test in China by examining its Differential Test Functioning (DTF) and Differential Item Functioning (DIF) across gender and major. Regarding DTF, the entire translation section exhibits partial strong measurement invariance across female and male…

Retrieval practice promotes retention more than restudying (i.e., the "testing effect") and is applied to many educational settings. However, little research has investigated means to enhance this effect in educational settings. Theoretical accounts assume retrieval practice to be the most effective whenever retrieval is difficult but…

This study draws on the understanding that when the correlation between variables is not known yet the non-linear expectation in the correlation between the variables is present, non-linear measurement tools can be used. In education, possibility measurement tools can be used for non-linear measurement. Multiple-choice possibility measurement…

Online anatomical resources are rising in popularity since the COVID-19 pandemic, but the pedagogical principles and effectiveness of their use remain unclear. This article aims to demonstrate evidence-informed ways in which fellow educators can create engaging online learning resources in clinical neuroanatomy and compare the effectiveness of…

Reading comprehension tests involve not only reading passages and answering questions but also making choices such as the test-taking strategy to use, whether to search passages for answers, and where to begin searching. We examined the associations between student characteristics, passage type, test-taking strategies, and students' time searching…

Background and Purpose: As a growing number of instructional units have been developed to promote young children's scientific and engineering practices (SEPs), understanding how to evaluate and assess children's SEPs is imperative. However, paper-and-pencil assessments would not be suitable for young children because of their limited reading and…

Assessing students' (mis)conceptions is a challenging task for teachers as well as for researchers. While individual assessment, for example through interviews, can provide deep insights into students' thinking, this is very time-consuming and therefore not feasible for whole classes or even larger settings. For those settings, automatically…

Diabetes mellitus and obesity are major public health issues that significantly impact the health care system. The next generation of health care providers will need a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases if we are to prevent, treat, and eventually cure these diseases and ease the burden on patients and the health care…

Multiple-select multiple-choice items, or multiple-choice items with more than one correct answer, are used to quickly assess content on standardized assessments. Because there are multiple keys to these item types, there are also multiple ways to score student responses to these items. The purpose of this study was to investigate how changing the…