This article describes how effectively multimedia learning environments can assist second language (L2) students of different spatial and verbal abilities with listening comprehension and vocabulary learning. In particular, it explores how written and pictorial annotations interacted with high/low spatial and verbal ability learners and thus…

A review of literature examines how literacy, self, and culture are related. Diverse representations of "self" are explored, as are their interrelationship with language, culture, and history. Realizing the linguistic and philosophical complexities inherent in defining the self, especially its relationship to the written word, attempts are made…

In 1821, Sequoyah, a Cherokee Indian, presented to his tribal council a syllabary of the Cherokee language--an invention that enabled a previously illiterate people to read and write in their own language. This document includes a brief essay describing Sequoyah's life and accomplishment and a bibliography of further resources. Sequoyah was born…

Discusses a particular literary technique sometimes used in French in which a subject pronoun is omitted after direct speech for variation and emphasis. (CK)

Describes the difficulties of Japanese script (for both the Japanese and foreigners) and argues for the teaching of the reading skill. (PMP)

Discusses the current concern in education for assessment of student performance, especially where written work is involved. (RB)

To examine syntactic and semantic differences between the written language of deaf and hearing persons, 30 deaf students (10 Ss were 10 to 12 years old, 10 Ss 13 to 15, and 10 Ss 16 to 18) were asked to recall sentences. Ss' recall was compared to that of hearing control Ss matched for age. More than half (59.8%) of the total number of sentences…

THE INDONESIAN DESCRIBED IN THIS GRAMMAR IS THE FORMAL LANGUAGE USED IN PUBLISHED TEXTS RATHER THAN THE COLLOQUIAL LANGUAGE. ALL OF THE TEXTS USED WERE PUBLISHED BETWEEN 1945 AND 1966 AND THEY INCLUDE POLITICAL SPEECHES, LEGAL DOCUMENTS, AND TEXTBOOKS. SINCE THIS BOOK WAS DESIGNED PRIMARILY FOR GENERAL STUDENTS OF THE INDONESIAN LANGUAGE AND ONLY…

FOUR PASSAGES OF EXPOSITORY PROSE WERE ANALYZED IN TERMS OF EXTRA-SENTENCE STRUCTURES IN THREE SYSTEMS--LEXICAL, GRAMMATICAL, AND RHETORICAL. NONSENSE WORDS WERE SUBSTITUTED FOR ALL CONTENT WORDS IN EACH PASSAGE, GRAMMATICAL ENDINGS ON WORDS WERE RETAINED, AND PARAGRAPH INDENTIONS WERE REMOVED. FORTY-EIGHT COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATES WERE INSTRUCTED TO…

THE WRITING AND READING SYSTEM OF ARABIC IS PRESENTED IN A TEXT DEVELOPED ON THE BASIS OF LINGUISTIC THEORY AND THE PEDAGOGY OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES. ARABIC WRITING IS RELATED TO ARABIC SOUNDS IN GRADED STEPS. THE ARABIC SOUNDS REPRESENT BOTH MODERN LITERARY ARABIC AND COLLOGUIAL ARABIC, IN THIS CASE THE CAIRENE ARABIC OF EDUCATED EGYPTIANS…

A computerized word count is presented of 11 elementary Modern Literary Arabic textbooks used in the United States. The word count was started in 1967 to provide a practical vocabulary base for a fully-programmed self-instructional course on the phonology and script of Modern Literary Arabic. The first part of the count is a cumulative list…

In this paper, a brief history of the Navajo written language between 1819 and the present is presented. The paper describes the progress of Navajo as a written language. The history was used as background material for a meeting organized by the Sanostee-Toadlena Navajo Bilingual Education Project. The meeting's purpose was to survey the present…

Concludes that graffiti are based on existential chaos and freedom and that they question virtue and honor and love. (DD)

Notes several factors which affect the readability of a printed message and contends that current typographical devices and styles are contrary to the fundamentals of eye physiology and detrimental to established reading habits. Available from: The Journal of Biocommunication, D. Raney, 3215 Haddon Road, Durham, NC 27705. (MH)

The relationships between literacy, intellect, and university disciplines are explored through examples attempting to distinguish intellect from intelligence and the high-grade literacy of university disciplines from its commonplace counterpart. (MT)