Purpose: The use of sign-supported speech (SSS) in the education of deaf students has been recently discussed in relation to its usefulness with deaf children using cochlear implants. To clarify the benefits of SSS for comprehension, 2 eye-tracking experiments aimed to detect the extent to which signs are actively processed in this mode of…

Background and Aims: In educational measurement, performance assessments occupy a niche for offering a true-to-life format that affords the measurement of high-level cognitive competencies and the evidence to draw inferences about intellectual capital. However, true-to-life formats also introduce myriad complexities and can skew if not outright…

Purpose: Earlier investigations based on word and sentence repetition tasks had revealed that the most prevalent metrical pattern in German (the trochee)--unlike the iambic pattern--facilitates articulation in patients with apraxia of speech (AOS; e.g., Aichert, Späth, & Ziegler, 2016), confirming that segmental and prosodic aspects of speech…

This study presents a meta-analytic review of serial rapid automatized naming (RAN) deficits in individuals with dyslexia relative to typical readers (based on 216 effect sizes comprising 8335 dyslexic readers, 14,083 age-matched controls, and 921 reading-matched controls). A random-effects model analysis indicated a large impairment in speeded…

Considerable attention has been given to methods for knowledge estimation, a category of methods for automatic assessment of a student's degree of skill mastery or knowledge at a specific time. Knowledge estimation is frequently used to make decisions about when a student has reached mastery and is ready to advance to new material, but there has…

We evaluated the Portuguese version of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index 3 (ASI--3--PT). Results of a confirmatory factor analysis (N = 603; 65.3% women, M age = 28.55, SD = 10.42) confirmed multidimensionality of the construct and the receiver operating characteristic confirmed the discriminant capacity of the measure between clinical and nonclinical…

Developing an understanding of fractions is critical, as it is the first connection of whole-number properties to rational numbers within a single framework. The unique properties of fractions necessitate solution processes that are distinctive and often more complicated than whole-number processes, resulting in many students struggling with…

The ability to correctly interpret data is an important skill in modern knowledge societies. The present study investigates adults' ability to interpret covariation data presented in bar graphs. Drawing on previous findings that show that the problem context influences the interpretation of contingency tables (grounded and concrete problems are…

This study explores classification consistency and accuracy for mixed-format tests using real and simulated data. In particular, the current study compares six methods of estimating classification consistency and accuracy for seven mixed-format tests. The relative performance of the estimation methods is evaluated using simulated data. Study…

Response times have often been used as ancillary information to improve parameter estimation. Under the dual processing theory, assuming reading comprehension requires an automatic process, a fast, correct response is an indicator of effective automatic processing. A skilled, automatic comprehender should be high in response accuracy and low in…

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine tap production by English language learners (ELLs) in kindergarten whose 1st language is Spanish. The conflicting status of tap in Spanish and English could present challenges for allophonic learning in 2nd language for ELLs. Prior research has evaluated acquisition of other allophone pairs, but…

We gave 40 participants a task in which they needed to select target objects from an array according to the instructions of either an informed director (who shared their perspective of the array) or an ignorant director (whose view of the array was restricted due to barriers). Importantly, sometimes only one of the directors was visible, and on…

Researchers and practitioners frequently use curriculum-based measures of reading (CBM-R) within single-case design (SCD) frameworks to evaluate the effects of reading interventions with individual students. Effect sizes (ESs) developed specifically for SCDs are often used as a supplement to visual analysis to gauge treatment effects. The degree…

Accurately remembering how and when one's own learning occurs is an important metacognitive skill that matures during the early school years. In two studies, the impact of a delay on this ability was examined. In Study 1, 30 children in two age groups (4-year-olds and 5-year-olds) participated in two-staged learning events and were interviewed…

Purpose: A Bayesian adaptive procedure, that is, the quick auditory filter (qAF) procedure, has been shown to improve the efficiency for estimating auditory filter shapes of listeners with normal hearing. The current study evaluates the accuracy and test-retest reliability of the qAF procedure for naïve listeners with a variety of ages and hearing…