A study was conducted to determine (1) the extent to which the degree of use of PRI/RS (the Prescriptive Reading Inventory Reading Systems, a criterion referenced management system developed by CTB/McGraw Hill) affected comparable groups of students on standardized achievement measures; (2) whether the degree of use differentially influenced…

Music can be an effective motivational vehicle for teaching listening skills, literature, oral and nonverbal communication, creative writing, handwriting, spelling, and grammar. One idea for integrating music into the language arts involves the use of song lyrics as reading materials. Since contemporary country music, and its precursor folk music,…

In learning to read a nonnative language, the learner's ability to achieve meaning is hampered if adequate preparation or readiness for reading is neglected. A review of the literature pertaining to second language learning and reading in a second language has identified five principles that appear to be significant in providing effective reading…

Many teachers not trained in English as a second language (ESL) often feel at a disadvantage when they are working with children whose first language is not English. This book addresses this disadvantage by giving practical information and teaching aids. The first area investigated is registration. Questions are suggested and the use to which…

Recent brain research demonstrates that the left hemisphere of the brain processes information in a linear, organized way. The right hemisphere processes the same information as a whole, with a focus on nonverbal, spatial components. Current educational practice is inordinately skewed to develop only the left hemisphere of the brain. Data from…

Faced with a growing number of secondary school students reading below grade level, educators have begun to look for an effective program to improve reading ability and also meet the special needs of the older student. The clinical/support program recognizes that each student's developmental rate, reading capabilities, and interactions with his or…

A study investigated the proposition that males have a predominant tendency to encode visually when reading, whereas females tend to encode phonologically. Arabic symbols were used to teach a group of 24 college students to "read." Subjects were assigned randomly to one of two conditions: learning the symbols as "letters" one by one with the aid…

A study was conducted to describe factors influencing the acquisition of facilitating and inhibiting reading strategies by adult beginning readers (ABRs) in order to generate potential guidelines for instruction. Using an adapted form of the Goodman and Burke taxonomy of oral reading miscues as initial framework, the investigators described ABRs'…

A study investigated children's recall and representation for multiple episode stories differing in terms of goal structure. Subjects were 36 third and fifth grade students reading below grade level, and 48 students from the same grades who were identified as average readers. The students read or listened to stories containing embedded and…

Reflecting the work of Yetta Goodman on child language development, this paper examines Goodman's five "roots of literacy" and offers suggestions on classroom techniques for nurturing these roots. The first half of the paper explains how Goodman identified the roots of literacy and describes each of them, including (1) print awareness in…

A detailed description is provided of the variable, management of grouping and instructional continuity (IE), which is part of the analysis in phase I of the Evaluation of Practices in Individualized Schooling. The variable is defined; the questionnaires on which the variable is based are listed; the procedures used to scale the variable are…

Noting that reading development is a crucial factor in breaking down social, intellectual, and political barriers, this paper uses Nigeria as an example of a developing multilingual country in order to examine the problems and challenges that learners and educators in multilingual societies face. The discussion is focused on children at the…

An ethnographic study of small group reading instruction was conducted to learn how teachers' judgments of students' abilities influenced the way they grouped students for reading instruction and the effects of these grouping practices on teachers' planning and instructional behaviors. Two teachers and 20 students were observed over the course of…

This teacher's manual includes materials and descriptions of methods developed for the elementary school teacher who deals with mildly mentally retarded children in the regular classroom. The first chapter presents ideas about managing the classroom learning environment along three dimensions: preventive discipline, selected intervention…

Intended for teachers of preschool and primary school children, this booklet contains materials and methods designed to help make literature the core of the early childhood curriculum. The first chapter presents a rationale for making literature an integral part of the curriculum, as well as goals for the appreciation, comprehension, and extension…