Across three studies, we examined 4- to 7-year-olds' predictions of goal-directed behaviors when goals conflict with preferences. In Study 1, when presented with stories in which a character had to act against basic preferences to achieve an interpersonal goal (e.g., playing with a partner), 6- and 7-year-olds were more likely than 4- and…

Education systems, educational institutions and educational professions, including those of distance learning, can often be inward-looking, backward-looking and self-referential, meaning that they are often fixated on their own concerns, values and processes. In many respects, this is necessary and valuable but the topic of challenges and future…

We apply the "wisdom of the crowd" idea to human category learning, using a simple approach that combines people's categorization decisions by taking the majority decision. We first show that the aggregated crowd category learning behavior found by this method performs well, learning categories more quickly than most or all individuals…

What are the effects of word-by-word predictability on sentence processing times during the natural reading of a text? Although information complexity metrics such as surprisal and entropy reduction have been useful in addressing this question, these metrics tend to be estimated using computational language models, which require some degree of…

Individuals with higher levels of the broad autism phenotype (BAP) have some symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Like individuals with ASD, people with higher-BAP may have fewer sexual experiences and may experience more same-sex attraction. This study measured BAP traits, sexual experiences, and sexual orientation in typically developing…

We propose transaction cost economics theory as a tool for exploring when school administrators rely on information from two types of sources: internal sources like their own colleagues, and external sources like researchers and government agencies. The theory's application is illustrated in a comparative case study of two public school districts…

This research was conducted in order to predict the success of TEOG in the History of Revolution and Kemalism course. This research conducted with quantitative research method was carried out on the data of 477 students attending in 5 different secondary schools and 18 classrooms in these state schools affiliated to Kütahya Provincial National…

Counseling centers are under intense pressure to prevent student suicide. When a student dies by suicide, the counseling center practitioner may be held liable as though all such deaths are ultimately preventable. Expectations that suicide can be prevented 100% of the time conflict with the actual capabilities of treatment providers and disregard…

The first-year students join college with several expectations in their mind about their upcoming academic endeavors and their career. The first-year of college is the most crucial year of a students' college career. This dissertation explores first-year students' perceptions/ expectation of academic rigor and academic help-seeking in college as…

As evidence for the discriminant validity of SCT continues to emerge, researchers must further examine the ways in which SCT affects functioning in order to eventually tailor treatments to this population. The current study examined whether SCT symptoms in college students are predictive of social functioning and risky behavior, particularly…

Despite its importance to structural equation modeling, model evaluation remains underdeveloped in the Bayesian SEM framework. Posterior predictive p-values (PPP) and deviance information criteria (DIC) are now available in popular software for Bayesian model evaluation, but they remain under-utilized. This is largely due to the lack of…

School shootings are the subject of debate in the media and in communities across the United States, and there is much discussion about prevention and the root causes of such attacks. But what does research say about these tragic events and their perpetrators? Do all shooters fit a specific profile? And what meaningful steps can schools and…

Performance prediction has emerged as one of the most popular approaches to leverage large volume of online learning data. In the majority of current works, performance prediction is based on students' past activities in graded learning resources (such as problems and quizzes), while their activities in non-graded resources (such as reading…

Recent works on Intelligent Tutoring Systems have focused on more complicated knowledge domains, which pose challenges in automated assessment of student performance. In particular, while the system can log every user action and keep track of the student's solution state, it is unable to determine the hidden intermediate steps leading to such…

Academic achievement of a student in college always has a far-reaching impact on his further development. With the rise of the ubiquitous sensing technology, students' digital footprints in campus can be collected to gain insights into their daily behaviours and predict their academic achievements. In this paper, we propose a framework named…