Automated Essay Scoring (AES) can reliably grade essays at scale and reduce human effort in both classroom and commercial settings. There are currently three dominant supervised learning paradigms for building AES models: feature-based, neural, and hybrid. While feature-based models are more explainable, neural network models often outperform…

We investigated the feasibility of using automatic speech recognition (ASR) and natural language processing (NLP) to classify collaborative problem solving (CPS) skills from recorded speech in noisy environments. We analyzed data from 44 dyads of middle and high school students who used videoconferencing to collaboratively solve physics and math…

The present laboratory-based study investigated socioeconomic status (SES) as a moderator of the association between empathic accuracy and well-being among married couples from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Empathic accuracy was measured using a performance-based measure of empathic accuracy for one's spouse's negative emotions during a…

Researchers often include covariates when they analyze the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), valuing the increased precision of the estimates over the potential of inducing small-sample bias when doing so. In this paper, we develop a sufficient condition which ensures that the inclusion of covariates does not cause small-sample bias…

The present study evaluated the effects of a combined form of written corrective feedback (WCF) on English as a foreign language (EFL) students' writing accuracy. The combined WCF consisted of unfocused error-code WCF and focused metalinguistic explanation. Different forms of WCF were administered to two groups of Japanese EFL students in two…

Purpose: The aim of this study was to add further knowledge about the usefulness of the Voice Range Profile (VRP) assessment in clinical settings and research by analyzing VRP dual-microphone equipment precision, reliability, and room effect. Method: Test-retest studies were conducted in an anechoic chamber and an office: (a) comparing sound…

This study explored whether readers could recognize a word composed of noncontiguous characters (a "cross-character word") in Chinese reading. All 3 experiments employed Chinese 4-character strings ABCD, where both AB and CD were 2-character words. In the cross-character word condition, AC was a word but in the control condition, AC was…

According to Hunt's match hypothesis, the accuracy of parents' beliefs about their children's abilities can influence the nature of the early learning experiences they provide. The present study examined the accuracy of parents' beliefs about their preschoolers' number development and relations to parent-reported frequency of engaging children in…

This study examines the online information behaviors of experienced and novice family history researchers, though the lens of accuracy and an increasingly digital research and production environment. It presents a model of the information behaviors of family history researchers, as well as a literacies framework, which visualizes the skills and…

Previous research has suggested that early deaf signers differ in face processing. Which aspects of face processing are changed and the role that sign language may have played in that change are however unclear. Here, we compared face categorization (human/non-human) and human face recognition performance in early profoundly deaf signers, hearing…

Whenever classification decisions are made on educational tests, such as pass/fail, or basic, proficient, or advanced, the consistency and accuracy of those decisions should be estimated and reported. Methods for estimating the reliability of classification decisions made on the basis of educational tests are well-established (e.g., Rudner, 2001;…

This article describes an informal study that focused on teaching eighth graders to take a critical stance and talk back to texts. In this era of "fake news," "alternative facts," and what has been called a "post-truth" culture, it is imperative that students do not simply accept everything they read, see, or hear at…

Parallel analysis (PA) assesses the number of factors in exploratory factor analysis. Traditionally PA compares the eigenvalues for a sample correlation matrix with the eigenvalues for correlation matrices for 100 comparison datasets generated such that the variables are independent, but this approach uses the wrong reference distribution. The…

The modern web-based technology greatly popularizes computer-administered testing, also known as online testing. When these online tests are administered continuously within a certain "testing window," many items are likely to be exposed and compromised, posing a type of test security concern. In addition, if the testing time is limited,…

This study presents a model for the early identification of students who are likely to fail in an academic course. To enhance predictive accuracy, sentiment analysis is used to identify affective information from text-based self-evaluated comments written by students. Experimental results demonstrated that adding extracted sentiment information…