In this study, 225 Jamaican university students were asked to recall their bullying experiences at elementary and high schools. Being verbally humiliated, robbed, and beaten were the top three frequently-occurring experiences. Acts of bullying by peers and educators were compared for their impact on students' psychological well being. Educator but…

This article explores international student teaching (IST) within the narratives of a prospective language teacher from the midwestern region of the United States. With a focus on one participant, the case study highlights significant factors that relate to the IST experience in Ecuador. A corpus generated from verbal protocols collected over a…

Parents often use vocal responses to control their child's behavior; most analyses of vocal controls have only examined the verbal content of those controls. To examine the roles of content and form (pitch, loudness) within vocal controls, 32 parents responded to their child's apparent performance. Parents received information about their child's…

The concept of the "implied author" often used in literary studies suggests that the requirements of the text demand a being different in significant ways from the actual author. A number of frequently occurring situations indicate that the same concept may be relevant in technical writing: multiple authorship, single-authored texts…

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between quantity and quality of verbal interaction on the leadership process when the two variables are systematically varied in an unambiguous group situation. (Author)

The results of a study of age (first, third, seventh grades), instructions (standard, verbalize a noun, verbalize an adjective and a noun), and intracategory variation (varied versus repeated specimens) showed that instructions to verbalize reversed the variety effect. (Editor/RK)

An examination of the effectiveness of a group leader given varying levels of leader-to-group agreement on issues. (CH)

The first negative is often an underutilized speech. The question is what can be done to increase the importance of the first negative speech? The preparation of a superior first negative speech begins prior to the round by developing briefs, coordinating arguments with the second negative, and having a pre-round discussion to reduce the…

Argumentation is fundamentally exhortative: arguments can be understood as invitations to emulate the lives of those who make the arguments. The human exemplar of an argument's substance, e.g. Jesus Christ as exemplar of Christianity, is the paradigm for this theory in which the arguer's identity is seen both as equal in importance to and…

A series of studies investigated whether infants can detect cues in ongoing speech that could help them delineate those segments that correspond to grammatical units like phrases and words. The methodology of the study involved asking whether infants show a preference between speech samples in which pauses have been inserted coincident with the…

In an analysis of verbal strategies, 15 specific language impaired (SLI) children were compared with two groups of normally developing children: age-mates and language-mates. Communicative success or failure was ascertained in tasks requiring Ss to verbally communicate novel referents to an adult. Ss' utterances prior to and following perceived…

The behavioral processes through which people react appropriately to verbal descriptions remain poorly understood. I argue here that these processes are Pavlovian. Common objections to a Pavlovian account of symbolic behavior evidence a lack of familiarity with the relevant data or misunderstandings of operant theory. Although much remains to be…

Notes on topics such as verbal and nonverbal cues for ending a conversation; attitudes of unmarried couples living together; and responsibilities of school superintendents. (JF)