Purpose: The ability to perform motor imagery (MI) might be impaired by the physical fatigue elicited during training. Interestingly, there is also theoretical support for a more limited influence of fatigue in the existing literature. Method: We evaluated MI ability before and after two exercise protocols: (i) a continuous exercise of 20 min…

The aim of this study is to explore the judgments and reasoning in probabilistic tasks that require comparing two probabilities either with or without introducing an additional degree of uncertainty. The reasoning associated with the task having an additional condition of uncertainty has not been discussed in previous studies. The 66 undergraduate…

Human infants show a robust preference for speech over many other sounds, helping them learn language and interact with others. Lacking a preference for speech may underlie some language and social-pragmatic difficulties in children with ASD. But, it is unclear how an early speech preference supports later language and social-pragmatic abilities.…

Developing a sufficient level of writing proficiency takes time. It is also a complex skill difficult to measure. The history of writing assessments reveals changing views of construct validity, reliability and interpretation of results. This study used a binary logistic regression model with seven years of grades 3 to 12 annual direct writing…

Anatomy and physiology (AP) are subfields of biology that are gatekeeper courses for the health professions. This exploratory study used multilevel binary logistic regression to determine if age/gender and race/ethnicity were used as predictors of success, while the term offered and the identification number were specified as random effects. Two…

Analyzing learners' learning behaviors helps teachers understand how learning behaviors of learners influence learning performance. To determine which learning behaviors influence learners' science-based inquiry learning performance, this work develops an xAPI (Experience Application Programming Interface)-based learning record store module…

To design a social and emotional learning (SEL) skills training program for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Quantitative electroencephalography was analyzed, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses in the brain mapping performance (BMP) of children. A total of 305 participants with and without ADHD were recruited.…

The client's perception of the therapy relationship is an essential component of modern theoretical orientations. To date, there is a lack of quantitative research examining how the therapeutic bond affects therapy outcomes in college counseling. This study used path analysis to examine longitudinal therapy outcomes with 423 college students.…

Serious games have proven to be a powerful tool in education to engage, motivate, and help students learn. However, the change in student knowledge after playing games is usually measured with traditional (paper) prequestionnaires-postquestionnaires. We propose a combination of game learning analytics and data mining techniques to predict…

This study investigated the levels of social presence, online learning self-efficacy, and student satisfaction among undergraduate students taking online courses from the School of Educational Sciences at the University of Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was hypothesized that the relationships between these variables and the degrees of…

The measurement of student performance during their progress through university study provides academic leadership with critical information on each student's likelihood of success. Academics have traditionally used their interactions with individual students through class activities and interim assessments to identify those "at risk" of…

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of problem-based learning (PBL), predict observe explain (POE), and PBLPOE on students' problem-solving skills and self-efficacy in Biology. This research is based on various facts that problem-solving skills and self-efficacy of Indonesian students in biology subjects are still low.…

This study aimed at examining the contribution of various linguistic components to reading comprehension (RC) in the seventh and ninth grades and to compare this contribution between two groups: children with typical development and those with reading disorders (RD). This was done by testing the relative contribution of phonological awareness,…

Critical consciousness, the process by which individuals come to understand, analyze, and take action against systems of oppression, is associated with several positive youth outcomes. However, little research has considered how the core components of critical consciousness (critical reflection, political agency, critical action) are associated…

Background: Spatial skills and mathematical ability have been repeatedly identified as critical for achievement in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). Previous studies have identified correlations between spatial skills and mathematical achievement; however, questions remain regarding improvements in non-spatial areas…