Arguments raised against the Critical Period Hypothesis of second language learning are refuted. It is suggested both that sufficient research evidence exists to support the hypothesis and that the hypothesis was not represented accurately or contradicted convincingly in the criticisms. (Author/MSE)

Discusses the validity of studies of Spanish pronunciation in terms of research methods employed. Topics include data collection in the laboratory vs. in a natural setting; recorded vs. non-recorded data; quality of the recording; aural analysis vs. spectrographic analysis; and transcriber reliability. Suggestions for improving data collection are…

Investigates the usefulness of standards, targets/goals, and norms for pronunciation teaching in English. Proposed features of pronunciation models are examined critically, and a polymodel approach is recommended. (31 references) (Author/OD)

Grosjean and Gee's prosodic structure theory is applied to second-language listening comprehension. It is argued that second-language students whose native language is syllable-timed do not have a mechanism to deal with unstressed syllables and must create one. The absences of this mechanism helps explain difficulties in listening comprehension.…

Examines the background and nature of general English usage in Singapore, focusing on the speaking patterns of students whose native language is Chinese. Focuses on the influence of Chinese on the syntax and pronunciation of "Singlish." (MDM)

This paper explores the relationship of underlying phonological representations in nonnative speakers to their surface representations. (37 references) (JL)

Defines "Estuary English," a fast-growing accent of British English that is spreading across England. Discusses its usage in the British business community; its acceptability and future; and its implications for business communicators, teachers, and consultants. (SR)

Phonetic characteristics of English spoken by Japanese university students were analyzed and classified, and the degree of intelligibility of nonnative speech presented to native English speakers was measured. It was found that the degree of intelligibility was closely related to the level of context presented. (33 references) (JL)

Finds that (1) U.S. listeners assigned more favorable assessment to U.S. than non-U.S.-accented speakers but that information recall was not affected; and (2) status affected recall, with subjects recalling more information from messages delivered by professors than by students. (SR)

A social dialect survey of a New Zealand community documented a change in progress in the pronunciation of the vowels in words such as "air" and "ear." The data support a tentative interpretation that a shift to the variant with the closer onset for AIR words was initiated by middle-aged Pakeha women. (38 references) (Author/LB)

Discusses a problem involved in teaching English pronunciation--the question of intelligibility. Previously intelligibility has meant that nonnative speakers were intelligible to native speakers; the increase in the use of English for communication between nonnative English speakers has complicated this issue. Implications for teaching and study…

Analysis of compositions written by students of Spanish indicated that the use of accent marks might not always be relevant for speakers because most were able to correctly pronounce Spanish words without the correct use of accent marks. (23 references) (CB)

By examining data on historical changes in pitch accent plus data from present-day speech analysis, the article concludes that suprasegmental changes are in progress in both Japanese and English languages. Although English and Japanese use different phonetic resources to implement accentuation, vacillation in their respective suprasegmental…

Analyzed vocalizations/verbalizations from children acquiring English or French in later single-word period to identify trochaic bias. Found that neither language's vocalizations were exclusively trochaic. French/English differences in iambic productions and acoustic realization of accent were traceable to adult input. Distribution of trochaic and…

Contributes to the understanding of several well-known problems relating to the learning of phonemic contrasts in second language phonology. Describes a series of ongoing studies examining what Lado (1957) hypothesized to represent maximum difficulty in second language pronunciation, namely a phonemic split. (Author/VWL)