Part II of a continuing series on French grammar. (DS)

Three experiments explore 3-year-olds' and adults' understanding of the words "same" and "different." Results suggest that semantic, pragmatic, and nonlinguistic factors may influence young children's treatment of these words. (Author/MP)

Three hypotheses for the use or lack of a definite article preceding country names in French are outlined and disproved by prepositional use of "en" and "a". It is proposed that "en" is the basic historical preposition and that definite articles were eventually deleted except where protected by contraction. (MSE)

This article examines the role of the subjunctive mood in spoken and written French. (Text is in French.) (CLK)

Analysis of the syntactic properties of Spanish prepositions, postpositions, and substantives supports the argument that a three-way categorical distinction exists among the three elements. (CB)

Characterizes English imperatives in terms of hypotheticality, nonpast, second-person nature, and, in particular, "speaker commitment," which refers to the degree of directive force applied by the speaker toward the addressee carrying out the action. Imperatives, which can be commands or conditions, are ambiguous with respect to speaker…

Analysis of the distribution of punctors, a class of markers commonly classified as nervous tics, fillers, or signs of hesitation, in one corpus of French is presented. Some aspects of their conditioning are explained in terms of the interaction of etymological, discursive, syntactic, and social constraints. (Author/MSE)

The typology of planned languages, the number of such linguistic projects, and the most commonly used morphemes for these created languages are discussed. A total of 11 morpheme types are identified. (14 references) (Author/LB)

Analyzes features of the Swedish language from the viewpoint of mono-and cross-language information retrieval. Results of a comparative study that tested the degree of lexical ambiguity in Swedish, Finnish, and English suggest that part-of-speech tagging might be useful in Swedish information retrieval due to the high frequency of homographic…