Appropriate interpretation of assessment data requires an appreciation that tools are subject to measurement error. School psychologists recognize, at least on an intellectual level, that measures are imperfect--that test scores and other quantitative measures (e.g., rating scales, systematic behavioral observations) are best estimates of…

The current study examined the relationship between test-taker cognition and psychometric item properties in multiple-selection multiple-choice and grid items. In a study with content-equivalent mathematics items in alternative item formats, adult participants' tendency to respond to an item was affected by the presence of a grid and variations of…

The study investigated items that were prone to guessing in Senior School Certificate Examinations (SSCE) Economics multiple-choice tests among students in Kwara State, Nigeria. The 2016 West African Senior Secondary Certificate Examinations (WASSCE) and National Examinations Council (NECO) Economics multiple-choice test items were subjected to…

This study is aimed to develop an adaptation test to determine the adaptation level of the 6th grade students about the concepts and topics to their daily life included in the unit ''Systems and Health in Our Body''. The test items were prepared by considering the reasons of the problems that they can encounter in their daily life about the…

Interest in the gender gap in the physical sciences has been ongoing for a number of years. This study aimed to explore differences in gender based on self-perception. The use of a post-examination survey was used to examine the role of gender in grade perception in chemistry courses over a several-year period. This included courses for…

This scope-review presents the milestones of how Hierarchical Rater Models (HRMs) become operable to used in automated essay scoring (AES) to improve instructional evaluation. Although essay evaluations--a useful instrument for evaluating higher-order cognitive abilities--have always depended on human raters, concerns regarding rater bias,…

This study aims to explore the impact of the fairness of semester-end e-assessment in terms of policy provision, monitoring, and authenticity. The cross-sectional online survey design was employed among 346 students at Nepal Open University (NOU). The results were analyzed by using t-test, analysis of variance, and structural equation modeling.…

Despite the evolution of the grit conceptualization over the years, the psychometric validity of scales and construct structure remain unclear. Consequently, this study aims to provide new evidence that broadens the current understanding of the grit's dimensional nature in the Spanish population by examining the psychometric properties of the…

Item parameter estimation using an item response theory (IRT) model with fixed ability estimates is useful in equating with small samples on anchor items. The current study explores the impact of three ability estimation methods (weighted likelihood estimation [WLE], maximum a posteriori [MAP], and posterior ability distribution estimation [PST])…

The author provides information about reliability and areas that educators should examine in determining if an assessment is consistent and trustworthy for use, and how it should be interpreted in making decisions about students. Reliability areas that are discussed in the column include internal consistency, test-retest or stability, inter-scorer…

Purpose: The Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) is a technological tool designed for comprehensive recordings and automated analysis of young children's daily language and auditory environments. LENA recordings play a crucial role in both clinical interventions and research, offering insights into the amount of spoken language children are…

Crawling is considered an important motor skill for infants. Although infants show variations in their crawling, the association between crawling variations and subsequent development is unexplored. This study investigates the difference in amount of crawling variation between infants with and without subsequent developmental delays. This…

Spacing and retrieval practice enhance learning, but students often underuse these strategies. We tested a simple grading incentive, which we call Counting Days, in two RCTs: one randomizing 143 students within a course and another randomizing 71 instructors. The "counting questions" control condition awarded points for each practice…

Teacher-student interaction is critical for providing learners with support and maintaining effective communication during the teaching process. The online teacher-student interaction mode, has posed challenges to the effectiveness of online classes. However, how to conduct effective interaction in online classes to improve learning outcomes…

ACT announced a series of enhancements designed to modernize the ACT test and offer students more choice and flexibility in demonstrating their readiness for life after high school. The enhancements provide students more flexibility by allowing them to choose whether to take the science assessment, thereby reducing the test length by up to…