Studied four forms of score resolution used by testing agencies and investigated the effect that each has on the interrater reliability associated with the resulting operational scores. Results, based on 120 essays from the Georgia High School Writing Test, show some forms of resolution to be associated with higher reliability and some associated…

Studied the impact of practice tests on students' calibration and examination performance for multiple-choice and essay examinations. Results for 59 graduate students show that practice tests were associated with significantly lower scores on the midterm multiple-choice items and less accurate predictions and postdictions on these items. Discusses…

Explains that understanding the art of persuasion can help students in evaluating what they hear, read, and write. Recommends four books that have good examples of persuasion and provides information on how to use prewriting as well as the reading writing relationship to construct arguments and write essays. (MOK)

Compared scores assigned to college placement essays by a computer program with the evaluations of human readers for just under 1,300 essays. Results show high agreement between computer and human scores, and both human and machine readers tended to give higher scores for analytic and practical themes and lower scores for those involving emotions.…

We analyzed the content of school-aged children's responses to a countywide in-class essay assignment in which they described what they are thankful for. Accounts were written in November of 2000 (n=152) and 2001 (n=196). We identified the most prominent themes of children's gratitude as well as differences in the themes that emerged before and…

How do comments on student writing from peers compare to those from subject-matter experts? This study examined the types of comments that reviewers produce as well as their perceived helpfulness. Comments on classmates' papers were collected from two undergraduate and one graduate-level psychology course. The undergraduate papers in one of the…

In this essay, Paul Smeyers and Nicholas Burbules reexamine the concept of "practice" and propose a new way of conceiving it that does justice to the idea that education is in some sense an initiation into practices without endorsing either the conservative and reproductive conception of what initiation entails or the radically social…

A high school teacher has created a unit to help uninspired seniors write personal essays for college applications. Students could move away from formulas to regain their freedom and voice in writing with the help of carefully developed steps.

Visual ethnographers increasingly use hypermedia for research, representation and teaching and learning. This article discusses these uses by reflecting on Visualising ethnography, a teaching and learning 'gateway' web site about the visual in the ethnographic process housing interviews, authored works, exhibitions, introductory texts and links.…

Online instruction has grown about as much as it possibly can within current educational structures. Educators are at the point where something has to give: Either schools will stay the same and leave online efforts at a standstill, or educators' concept of school will change and allow online instruction to grow. The primary obstacle to growth is…

This article describes the development of assessment criteria for specific aspects of examination answers and coursework essays in psychology. The criteria specified the standards expected for seven aspects of students' work: addressing the question, covering the area, understanding the material, evaluating the material, developing arguments,…

Many studies have indicated that at least 2 raters should score writing assessments to improve interrater reliability. However, even for assessments that characteristically demonstrate high levels of rater agreement, 2 raters of the same essay can occasionally report different, or discrepant, scores. If a single score, typically referred to as an…

The author describes his experience teaching a writing group in Martin Tennessee jail. The faces of most of the inmates showed curiosity. Each was saying not in words, but by gesture, "help make better this boring existence." The first essays the inmates wrote were about themselves and other members of their family. Some have written…

This article describes how students gain the confidence and skill to write personal essays by practicing their natural ability to tell their own stories orally in social situations. The author describes how her students' ability to chat with her and with one another at the start of each class became the cornerstone of their efforts to improve…

Powers, Burstein, Chodorow, Fowles, and Kukich (2002) suggested that automated essay scoring (AES) may benefit from the use of "general" scoring models designed to score essays irrespective of the prompt for which an essay was written. They reasoned that such models may enhance score credibility by signifying that an AES system measures the same…