This paper attempts to describe various details of the tonal system of Hausa within the framework of generative phonology. Aspects of tone in Hausa are discussed under the following headings: low tone raising, low-high rule, falling tones and the evaluation measure, tone deletion, and derived nouns and adjectives. Where specific proposals are…

The notes and articles in the present compilation constitute, for the most part, reports of work in progress by the Language Research Foundation staff, and are circulated to interested scholars for the purpose of inviting comments, criticism, and suggestions. Contents include: (1) "The Export of TESOL: Are Audio-lingual Techniques Universally…

In this study the author uses the techniques of modern descriptive linguistics to analyze various features of the Portuguese verb system. The analysis is based on the colloquial, spontaneous speech of educated natives of Rio de Janeiro and is divided into four chapters: Phonology (pp. 6-29), Morphophonemics (pp. 30-49), Morphology (pp. 50-86), and…

Despite the similarity in the surface structure, sentences containing a semi-auxiliary (e.g., "avoid,""bother,""happen,""seem,""begin,""tend," etc.) followed by a "to" infinitive or a gerund show a number of differences among themselves in respect to the co-occurrence…

This is an investigation of deletion procedures from surface structure to deep structure in Mandarin Chinese. The author explains that the deep structure of a sentence provides complete information on the semantic and syntactic constituency of the sentence, while surface structure contains information about the phonological interpretation and…

The 25 entries in this bibliography constitute a survey of the linguistic literature related to coivs (Connection-of-Ideas Verbs). The bibliography is divided into three sections. In Part 1, the introductory remarks, coivs are described and classified; and examples of dative, parenthetical, and quotative coivs are given. Part 2 considers the…

A revival of interest in the Slavic participles "-nt-" and "-us-," particularly in their development into gerunds, prompts the author to question whether the forms are to be regarded as nominal or verbal forms in their linguistic classification. The historical problem of linguistic interference in the evolution of the Slavic "-nt-" and "-us-"…

It has been generally understood that Japanese has two grammatical tenses, past and non-past. However, there are statements about future events which use the "past tense." Furthermore, for certain verbs, the "past tense" is not confined to describing strictly a past event. This paper seeks to clarify the meaning of tense in Japanese and to show…

This compilation of verbs, intended for students of the Defense Language Institute (DLI) Basic Course, provides brief definitions for each entry. No sentence examples are included. The text is intended to serve as a compact reference and study aid. Examples are selected from the Basic Course and the DLI Czech-English Dictionary. Entries are listed…

Instructional objectives of the Dade County Public Schools Quinmester Program in French for use with "Le Francais Moderne: Part 1" focus on the development of vocabulary and mastery of grammatical structures. The formation of the passe compose with "avoir," object pronouns, the present tense of regular "-ir" verbs,…

Spontaneous full passives and related constructions from 234 children aged 2;0 to 13;11 and elicited passives from 262 college students were analyzed. Full passives were classified as reversible (The dog was chased by the girl), instrumental non-reversible (The lamp was broken by [or with] the ball), or agentive non-reversible (The lamp was broken…

These papers were written as supporting documents for a colloquium on the Vietnamese language. The first catalogues and analyzes Vietnamese vowels, diphthongs, consonants and tones. The second analyzes some facets of Vietnamese syntax. (CHK)

Presents hypotheses about the effects of rules of sound change on the development of part of the verb inflectional system of Proto-Nahuatl. (AM)

Two experiments examined characteristics of text that determine when a repeated noun has a clearly identified referent. Verbs and article modifiers appeared to influence whether a noun is merely a repeated word in a text, or whether it is redundant at the propositional level. (SW)

Describes a study using transformational generative grammar to demonstrate that the frequently used structure "verb a verb" in Spanish is to be interpreted in three ways. Conclusions are drawn for the teaching of Spanish as a foreign language. (AMH)